The Restoration Of Baroque Music - 1628 Words

The Restoration was a time of artistic change. This time period bled into what is known as the Baroque period. The english word baroque originated from the Italian word barocco, meaning bizarre. The usage of this term started in the 1860s to describe the decorative, elaborate style of the 17th century religious and public Italian buildings. Baroque music has affected everything we hear in music today due to the incredible form of the music, instruments, and composers of that time. Baroque music is a style of Western art composed from approximately 1600 to 1750. This style of music is filled with delicate decoration and ornamentation. Elements that originated from this period influenced modern classical form in many ways. Balance was a very important component to baroque music, every note was to be heard. Bachs view of balance can be found in his sonatas written for violin and piano. They were originally meant to be 3-part Trio Sonatas, one part for the violin, and a part for each hand of the pianist. Because the Harpsichord is generally relegated to the rear of the sound spectrum, the violinist would overpower the harpsichord, making it sound as if it were a written violin solo. The same goes for Bach s sonata for flute (or viola) and harpsichord. Choral music also has these issues, but with the instruments and the voices. Michael Sartorius said, If Bach wrote it, the listener should hear it. Most recordings of Bach s cantatas and choral works use a small orga n for theShow MoreRelated Russian Culture: A look at its Religion and Art Essay example1206 Words   |  5 Pagesthose times and even now for a source of comfort. Even during the reign of the czars, they had to be ordained by the church as God’s chosen one in order to ‘rightfully’ hold the throne. Additionally its contributions during war and the periods of restorations that occur after war have given it a powerful statue throughout Russia’s history. The most recent example of this was during WWII when the church was originally heavily suppressed by the Soviet government, but because of its contributions to theRead MoreCulture of Portugal1629 Words   |  7 PagesCulture of Portugal The country of Portugal has many rich cultural facets in food, music and sports. Situated on the west coast of the Iberian Peninsula that it shares with Spain, Portugal’s culture was shaped by the influences from the Latin, Visigoth and Muslim cultures. Many men in Portugal go into the Atlantic to catch fish while the women are homebound doing chores like house work or cleaning the fish. The men are the bread winners while the women are the housewives who take care of the homeRead MoreEssay about Henry Purcell2912 Words   |  12 Pagesas one of the greatest composers of the Baroque period and one of the greatest of all English composers. His earliest surviving works date from 1680 and show a complete command of musical composition. They include some fantasias for viols, masterpieces of contrapuntal writing, and more contemporary sonatas for violins, which reveal some acquaintance with Italian models. Purcell, in his time, became increasingly in demand as a composer, and his theatre music in particular made his name familiar toRead MoreFamous German People Essay3261 Words   |  14 Pagesfather taught him to play the violin and the harpsichord and his brother taught him how to play the clavichord. He was exposed to a lot of contemporary music. When Bach got older he attended St. Michael’s School in Luneburg for two years. After he graduated, he held a handful of musical positions across Germany. Bach stopped writing music because his health and his vision were dramatically declining. Bach became increasingly blind, so he had a British doctor try to revive his eyesight. HistoriansRead MoreMuseums Essays10752 Words   |  44 Pageshistory, natural history, and science. In certain museums, these disciplines may be combined. Within these categories there are also many specialized museums emphasizing particular topics or types of collections, such as museums of local history, music, the cultural heritage of native peoples, or maritime history. In  the  United  States, there are approximately 8,300 museums of all types, with history museums being the most common type. Canada has about 1,400 museums. In the late 1990s there were

Gangs And Its Effects On Society Essay - 1320 Words

Gang members may feel that gangs are merely a family and other see them as violent people with no direction that need to be locked away. Gangs cause fear to those that live around them, but to children that have no support system gangs appear to be a surrogate family. Gangs are not all about friends committing crime, but to a gang member a way of life. Gangs that are a threat to society is a problem, but one that can be changed by silencing the influence of the media, parenting your children, and changing the nature of the gang. A gang can be defined as a group of people who join together with the same interest of committing crime and violence. Every gang is not the same and the crimes they commit are different. The crimes can be robbery, drug tracking, murder, guns to name a few. This is why some kids join the gangs. The main reason you find that gangs are formed is because of poverty, racism, family, and a wanting to belong. You can find that many people get involved with gangs for protection from bullies and other gangs. Others get involved for the sense of family security that they are missing at home. The child gets that sense of identity, power and protection they were longing for. Being in a gang is dangerous and deadly not only for the members but the family, friends, and community around them. Unfortunately, not everybody that is killed is a gang member, but are innocent people that are caught in the middle of it. In urban areas where gang activity is on the riseShow MoreRelatedUnderstanding Gang Vi olence And Its Effects On Society2398 Words   |  10 PagesUnderstanding Gang Violence Gang violence is an issue that has existed for many years and a problem that continues to exist in our society today. According to, The National Gang Center, there is no clear way to define a gang, but one thing that characterizes a gang is a shared identity usually linked to a name or symbol. There are many different types of gangs but I want to focus on the â€Å"street† gangs, the gangs that we encounter on a more frequent basis within our communities. In 2007, there wereRead MoreGang Violence : Effects On Recidivism Through Rehabilitation Programs1533 Words   |  7 Pages Gang violence: Effects on recidivism through rehabilitation programs The Problem In recent discussions of gang violence in prison, a controversial issue has been whether programs can lower recidivism rates. On the one hand, some argue that Gang violence can not be deterred from this perspective, it is understandable to see where society could see how gangs could be a lost cause. On the other hand, however, others argue that there is a possibility to help change them for the better and it can startRead MoreThe Death Of Gang Research1637 Words   |  7 Pagesterm â€Å"gang† was associated with groups in socially disorganized and deteriorated inner-city neighborhoods: It was applied to juveniles who engaged in a variety of delinquencies, ranging from truancy, street brawls, and beer running to race riots, robberies, and other serious crimes (Regoli, Hewitt, DeLisi, 2011). There were several gangs within the United States, which included street gangs, prison gangs, motorcycle gangs, and organized crime gangs that still exist today. The word â€Å"gangâ₠¬  is derivedRead MoreThe Media And Its Effect On The Society957 Words   |  4 Pagesrivaling gangs, the Valley Hood Piru and the East Union Street Hustlers, claiming stakes to the Central District of Seattle, result in the shooting of two victims. Ronald â€Å"Messy† Massey, a member of the East Union Street Hustlers, was reported to have shot two members of the rivaling gang at a local convenient store (Vaughn, 2013). Reports suggest that the shooting was accredited to the gangs violent clashes in the past† and possibly Massey’s intent in solidifying his standing as a gang member (FucoloroRead MoreThe Role Of Gangs On The Criminal Justice System1587 Words   |  7 PagesBrendan O’Callaghan 2/24/16 Juvenile Justice Gangs Assessed Juveniles’ participation in gangs is an ongoing issue continuing to face the Unites States of America’s criminal justice system in modern society. The first active gangs to appear within Western society were inscribed by a respected chronicler of crime in Britain 1873. Gangs first emerged into American society around 1783 as the American Revolution drew to a close. More serious street gangs, however, did not surface until the early partRead MoreStreet Gangs : Americas Growing Problem1056 Words   |  5 PagesStreet Gangs: Americas’ Growing Problem Gangs have increasingly become a serious problem over the past few decades. A report from the FBI’s 2011 National Gang threat assessment states that there are 1.4 million active gang members comprising of more than 33,000 gangs in the United States. This growth migration of gangs has had a negative effect on our youth. Gang violence causes fear and changes how kids behave in school. In a poll of 2,000 teenagers, â€Å"the respondents reported that their fearsRead Moreeffect of gangsterism1557 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿2.0 Effect of Gangsterism Gangsterisms is a social phenomenon that occurs widely among the youth in our country. With the rapid rise of this problem, gangsterisms have much negative impact on individuals, families, and communities. 2.1 Individual In term of individual, student who involves themselves with gangsterism will face bad consequences in their life including having a dark future.   Thus, their future might be threatened due to the result of their behavior. Most probably they will beRead MoreSociety’s Needs for Criminal Justice Practitioners Essay1046 Words   |  5 Pages Criminal justice practitioners are necessary for a civilized society. Without those who form boundaries to our freedom, and the ones that reinforce those laws, our community would be chaos. Some of the main social issues our society faces are drug abuse, gang violence, child abuse, and terrorism. The criminal justice practitioners face these types of issues daily. These professionals must act on the morals and laws stated by society rather than their own opinions, sometimes facing hard decisionsRead MoreViolence Is An Everyday Act That We Have Seen In Society,1588 Words   |  7 Pagesseen in society, and in result has become a problem. G ang violence, on the other hand, has been a social problem of violence for decades in the United States. In particular, it has been a serious problem in California that is has been known to be the â€Å"gang capital† in the United States, and a problem in a local scale. According to â€Å"FBI.org† , there are over 33,000 violent street gangs, motorcycle gangs, and prison gangs(FBI, 2015). Consequently, this brings fear and intimidation toward society. ThisRead MoreThe Social Problem Of Gangs948 Words   |  4 Pagesdefinition accurately describes the social problem that gangs are, and their impact on a community. People who live in gang infested neighborhoods live daily with fears of losing their lives and the lives of loved ones. That fear, along with the fear that their family members will join the gang, or that they will be physically harmed in some way by the gang. They may exhibit many emotional, psychological and physical problems that people who don’t li ve in gang infested neighborhoods do not. Since before the

RTK GPS for Applications in Macrotidal †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the RTK GPS for Applications in Macrotidal. Answer: Introduction Computer aided drafting and design refers to utilization of computer technology for designing as well as its documentation. Manual drafting method uses range of tools like drafter, compass, French curve, protractors, set squares and diagonal scales. Manual drafting requires the draftsman to take extreme caution in the drawing process to avoid the paper getting dirty as well as time required for the completion of project. CAD helps replacing manual drafting with complete process automation and use of information technology to reduce time for completion of the drawing and simplify time consuming drawing components in architecture and structural engineering. The current essay evaluates survey and civil software and analyses the data recording use for production of digital terrain models as well as its potential in interfacing with computer aided drafting. A brief background has been provided in the essay informing the basic details of equipments. The basic use of the equipments in surveying has also been discussed in the current essay. A critical review of the equipments used has also been presented in the essay. Few of the questions that the current essay answers to are What is Computer Aided Drafting?, What are the uses of survey and civil software?, How are the data recording use for production of digital terrain models are analyzed? and What potentials does digital terrain models possess in interfacing with computer aided drafting?. The answers that are evaluated in the current essay provides the opportunity to get an in depth and insight towards detailed information of the equipments used for surveying. Use of CivilCAD7 and Magnet office has been discussed and its utilization in surveying techniques through optimization with various equipments such as total station and auto leveling has been critically reviewed as well. Computer aided design and drafting fates back to 1957 with the advent of PRONTO and SKETCHPAD that enables users to execute technical drawings. In early 60s 3D wireframe developments began that featured solid modeler programs. Mathematical representation of surfaces freeform helped enhancement of 3D CAD system capabilities (Annan 2016). From program based technical drawing, there was a strategic shift towards use of parametric design in which Pro/ENGINEER introduced the concept of drawing using defining parameters. Changing the dimensional value in one of the parameters caused the drawing to change in relation of different elements of design. MCAD provided the user with ability to provide and incorporate constraints in the drawing helping to create precise, intuitive and analysis thus making easier application of kinematics to the drawing. According to Charalampous et al. (2015), currently CAD has been widely used in engineering industries as well as other profession with powerful so ftware capable of drawing with easy user interface and drawing techniques. Complex drawings can be drafted using CAD that helps in creating unique architectures. Finite element analysis can be easily performed through using computer aided design and drafting as well as use of 3D modeling using AutoCAD, STAAD.pro and Google sketch up. The upgrading of geographical information system (GIS) and invention of global positioning system (GPS) helps the development with rapid pace in surveying (Koutsoudis 2014). Surveying involves collection of co ordinates and other data to plot the data and represent graphically the contour, location of objects on terrain. 2-D and 3-D drawings and maps helps the operator for generating the survey results integrated to spreadsheets and other databases of GIS. Carlson software was earlier used for land surveying that employed CAD technology. Carlson Field 2009 that features real time total station data collection, integration and GPS to the CAD such as AutoCAD and InteliCAD helps in directly plotting the terrain surveyed on computer automatically. The earlier prototypes of CAD helped to develop powerful and advanced CAD and surveying software such as the Civil CAD7 and Magnet office. Details and description Magnet office provides a standalone solution to modeling, surveying and grading application. It has numerous modules that can be used, supporting different construction and surveying applications it has a full 3DMC support of data. Magnet office also imports data from company account for exchange of data. As per Lee (2013), the magnet office tools helps in collecting raw data from office editor, processing of the data and post processes the data that has been collected. Magnet office topo helps in drafting of the survey maps and simple projects that needs to be drawn. Magnet office topo also helps in additional functions to office tools. Magnet office site incorporates all functions of Magnet office topo and has advanced option for drafting, designing in construction. Siebert (2014) stated that magnet office site w/resurfacing incorporates all functionality of office site with additional features of miling, paving and construction ridability. Magnet office layout is CAD software which has been simplified and ideal in cleanup and importing of design files through uploading the files to cloud as well as sharing instantly to project sites actively. Magnet office site helps in advanced data processing that provides the user to generate and adjust coordinate levels from levels, total stations as well as raw data from GNSS. Magnet enterprise is subscribed and helps in communication as well as gathering of real time data from field. The specific elevated menu helps in elevation for 2D designs to 3D models providing a full functionality of road design, contouring, volume routines, 3DMC support, data cleanup, easy management of projects and creation with once click surface (dtm) as well as creating powerful parallel routine figure (Magnet-enterprise.com 2017). Civil CAD helps in design and planning of underground as well as above ground infrastructure design of tools of pipes layout. Earthquake calculations are precisely performed using CivilCad7 having cross platform ability of handling survey data. CivilCAD7 provides engineers, surveyors and designers the ability to calculate precisely thickness and materials, changes of road segment, evaluation visibility and overlapping adjustment. The automatic road segments are also recognized through combines and joined centerline creation. Road design is also extended for increasing demands of authority allowing separate complex layout into particular layers (Sivandesing.com 2017). Use in surveying Data collection process using Total Station is very easy and flexible to maintain the data. The pressure and temperature of the station is initially set and an instrument point name is assigned to the location. The instrument height is provided and entered and a back sight point name is also entered. According to Psimoulis (2013), the back sight height as well as measurement is performed through measurement of horizontal angle, slope distance as well as vertical angle. After setting up the total station, numerous observations are taken and the data is stored accordingly. The data obtained from the GPS and total station is then used to for terrain modeling. Digital terrain models are usually created from contour maps that are produced from direct surveying of the land or through other surveying methods such as Doppler radar, LIDAR, theodolite and total stations. Using Magnet office, the information is turned into digital contour maps and terrain models that help in turning the raw data into enabled models for visualizing the virtual landscape. The model that is created includes the Earths surface that excludes buildings, man-made structure and vegetation which is also known as bare Earth model (Magnet-enterprise.com 2017). CivilCAD also works similar to Magnet office the data collected via total station or level is automatically collected and gathered into the CivilCAD software. Survey plotting, terrain modeling, calculations of volume and survey plotting is done automatically through synchronization. A triangular digital terrain model is generated through triangle button operation. The break lines are nominated through incorporation into the model using triangulation. The earthworks are calculated suing specific boundaries as well as total cut and fill methods (Sivandesing.com 2017). Conclusion It can be concluded that computer aided design has provided the opportunity to produce accurate drawings and detailing using 2D as well as 3D orientation. Civil and survey software like Magnet office and CivilCAD provides the designers, engineers and surveyors the opportunity to create accurate drawings without much time required for completion of the drawing. Survey data that is usually collected through total stations and auto leveling machines are processed through CivilCAD and Magnet office that helps in creating the data base of raw data and is plotted. The drawing is very accurate in processing of digital terrain modeling. Using Magnet office, the information is turned into digital contour maps and terrain models that help in turning the raw data into enabled models for visualizing the virtual landscape. The model that is created includes the Earths surface that excludes buildings, man-made structure and vegetation which is also known as bare Earth model. The creation of digita l terrain is accurate based on GPS method that accurately records the data coordinates helping to get a clear map of the terrain. Use of cloud based data modeling is also essential as it helps to maintaining the data integration between total station and the drafting software. The drafting software also helps in accurately drawing the terrain without additional manual effort by the draftsman. The drawing can be changed anytime at anyplace through changing one of the data in the collected total station data as well as auto level data. Reference Annan, R.F., Ziggah, Y.Y., Ayer, J. and Odutola, C.A., 2016. ACCURACY ASSESSMENT OF HEIGHTS OBTAINED FROM TOTAL STATION AND LEVEL INSTRUMENT USING TOTAL LEAST SQUARES AND ORDINARY LEAST SQUARES METHODS.Geoplanning: Journal of Geomatics and Planning,3(2), pp.87-92. Charalampous, E., Psimoulis, P., Guillaume, S., Spiridonakos, M., Klis, R., Brki, B., Rothacher, M., Chatzi, E., Luchsinger, R. and Feltrin, G., 2015. Measuring sub-mm structural displacements using QDaedalus: a digital clip-on measuring system developed for total stations.Applied Geomatics,7(2), pp.91-101. Koutsoudis, A., Vidmar, B., Ioannakis, G., Arnaoutoglou, F., Pavlidis, G. and Chamzas, C., 2014. Multi-image 3D reconstruction data evaluation.Journal of Cultural Heritage,15(1), pp.73-79. Lee, J.M., Park, J.Y. and Choi, J.Y., 2013. Evaluation of sub-aerial topographic surveying techniques using total station and RTK-GPS for applications in macrotidal sand beach environment. Journal of Coastal Research, 65(sp1), pp.535-540. Magnet-enterprise.com, 2017, Magnet office, Available at https://www.magnet-enterprise.com/magnet/magnetEnterprise/magnet-tour/en/magnet-office.html [Accessed 3 May. 2017] Psimoulis, P.A. and Stiros, S.C., 2013. Measuring deflections of a short-span railway bridge using a robotic total station.Journal of Bridge Engineering,18(2), pp.182-185. Siebert, S. and Teizer, J., 2014. Mobile 3D mapping for surveying earthwork projects using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) system.Automation in Construction,41, pp.1-14. Sivandesing.com, 2017, CivilCAD, Available at: https://sivandesign.com/products/civilcad/ [Accessed 3 May. 2017]

Written society rules Essay Example For Students

Written society rules Essay This technique allows you to really think about the character of Geoffrey and try to get into his mind. It helps you to understand what he is thinking and why he is the way he is. All of the strategies in this section really help to identify the problems within Geoffrey and Billys relationship.  Geoffrey obviously has very strong family values and cares about his family, proven by the fact that he became so angry when Billy snapped at his Grandma; he does care for Billy but his caring side just gets masked by his personality and very short temper. We will write a custom essay on Written society rules specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The generation gap I also think plays a major part in their relationship problems. Geoffrey was brought up very differently to Billy, he was lower/middle class and has his own business that he worked hard for, he thinks Billys education is a waste of time and finds it hard to understand all this academic learning as he was brought up at a time when it was much more respected to go out and do proper mens work, manual labour. However things were starting to change and it was starting to become more respectable to work in an office and do less hands on work, something Geoff couldnt get to grips with as it is just not part of his culture so he doesnt value it. This is why Billy and Geoffrey clash as they dont really understand each other and one anothers ambitions. Also Geoffrey seems to kind of think Billy has had an easy ride in a way and could even be very slightly jealous of him. Geoffreys upbringing and the difference in generation between them causes them rarely to see eye to eye as does Geoffreys strong family values. Geoffreys fiery personality and inability to express himself also plays a part in their relationship difficulties. I also think that they are very different people that have clashing personalities. All these things cause problems in their relationship. When Billy announces that he is leaving for London that night, Alice and Geoffrey react very differently. Alice doesnt really want to believe it and reacts in a very motherly manner and worries about the practicalities for instance, the washing and cooking. She doesnt think he will survive on his own. She thinks he needs her and she probably quite wants to feel needed; she has just lost her mother and now is going to loose her son as well and is probably feeling very vulnerable and upset. Billy and Geoffreys relationship is considerably worse towards the end of the play and Geoffrey is back to his old self. Geoffrey acts like he doesnt care but he does seem to want him to stay and uses the excuse that he has to pay back the money as a reason for him to stay as he doesnt know how to tell him how he feels. Once again however, his temper gets the better of him and he ends up telling him to go as he has had enough of him. Billy doesnt want to leave on bad terms and does try to rectify things with his father. There is a point near the end of the play where Billy has two fairly long speeches that really help you to understand both, Billy, Geoffrey and their relationship when Billy talks about his education and how he never received praise or support and just had to be grateful for everything. It is here that the generation gap is very apparent again and difference in upbringing. It is due to these things that they misunderstand each other and have very different values. .u983baa5acb79b469d6a6db792b7bd666 , .u983baa5acb79b469d6a6db792b7bd666 .postImageUrl , .u983baa5acb79b469d6a6db792b7bd666 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u983baa5acb79b469d6a6db792b7bd666 , .u983baa5acb79b469d6a6db792b7bd666:hover , .u983baa5acb79b469d6a6db792b7bd666:visited , .u983baa5acb79b469d6a6db792b7bd666:active { border:0!important; } .u983baa5acb79b469d6a6db792b7bd666 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u983baa5acb79b469d6a6db792b7bd666 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u983baa5acb79b469d6a6db792b7bd666:active , .u983baa5acb79b469d6a6db792b7bd666:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u983baa5acb79b469d6a6db792b7bd666 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u983baa5acb79b469d6a6db792b7bd666 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u983baa5acb79b469d6a6db792b7bd666 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u983baa5acb79b469d6a6db792b7bd666 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u983baa5acb79b469d6a6db792b7bd666:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u983baa5acb79b469d6a6db792b7bd666 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u983baa5acb79b469d6a6db792b7bd666 .u983baa5acb79b469d6a6db792b7bd666-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u983baa5acb79b469d6a6db792b7bd666:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Police Brutality EssayInternal monologue for this explorative strategy we performed a short monologue for both Alice and Geoffrey summing up how they felt about Billy moving to London.  In Alices monologue she talked about how worried she was about Billy and how much she was going to miss him. Geoffrey is also sad that he went and regrets telling him to go but doesnt know how to rectify the mistake. In a way though, Geoff feels a kind of respect for Billy as he actually followed something through and told the truth and thinks that the experience could make him more mature. Neither of them entirely believed that it was true until they read the letter and the reality sunk in. This strategy helped to understand how Alice and Geoffrey truly felt about Billy at the end of the play when he has finally done something with himself.  From my study of the play I can say that the relationships within the play are complex, particularly Geoff and Billys however there is no doubt that there is love, respect and strong morals present in all relationships even if they are not always shown. In this section we were required to direct and rehearse a short section of the text in order to understand the process of staging a play. We focused on how the writers use the elements of drama to convey meaning and how actors use the medium of drama to interpret a text for performance. Period and cultural background  Billy Liar is set in the 1950s. A time when there were strict unwritten society rules, set family roles and a family orientated lifestyle. Although the time period is not directly mentioned throughout the play, we are provided with various clues of the period and culture conveyed through the dialogue, events and set. For example we are provided with great insight into the play purely from the set which is described in detail at the beginning of act one; furnished with an uncut moquette three piece suite and a dining room suite in dark oak. This description is very typical of a 1950s lower/middle class home, popular interior design of the time. A cheap and flashy cocktail cabinet is also very 1950s and also tells us a little about the family as a cocktail cabinet is something a family would have bought to show off and impress others; therefore the Fisher family clearly care what society things of them. The usual collection of family photographs on the mantelpiece again is typical of a 1950s family and shows the how the Fishers rate family as of high importance.  The fact that Alices mother, Florence lives with them , that they all eat breakfast together and the family roles (Alice being a stereotypical housewife and Geoffrey being the hard working money earner), all also indicate their 1950s lifestyle. They are a very traditional family and their lower/middle social status is reflected mainly in Geoffrey with his strong values and working class upbringing meaning he worked very hard to create his own business and he values an academic education like Billys very little. Our Extract The section of the play my group developed was from page five to page nine, during these pages it is late morning and the family are in the middle of breakfast; Billy has only just got out of bed (much to the disapproval and annoyance of his parents especially Alice who has just been struggling to get him up for some time before hand) and come downstairs to join the family; Geoffrey who is seated at the kitchen table doing paperwork, Florence who is slightly more away from things sitting on the couch and Alice who is busy doing chores and preparing breakfast. .u04970106276fc961cf643c644890af6b , .u04970106276fc961cf643c644890af6b .postImageUrl , .u04970106276fc961cf643c644890af6b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u04970106276fc961cf643c644890af6b , .u04970106276fc961cf643c644890af6b:hover , .u04970106276fc961cf643c644890af6b:visited , .u04970106276fc961cf643c644890af6b:active { border:0!important; } .u04970106276fc961cf643c644890af6b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u04970106276fc961cf643c644890af6b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u04970106276fc961cf643c644890af6b:active , .u04970106276fc961cf643c644890af6b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u04970106276fc961cf643c644890af6b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u04970106276fc961cf643c644890af6b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u04970106276fc961cf643c644890af6b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u04970106276fc961cf643c644890af6b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u04970106276fc961cf643c644890af6b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u04970106276fc961cf643c644890af6b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u04970106276fc961cf643c644890af6b .u04970106276fc961cf643c644890af6b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u04970106276fc961cf643c644890af6b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: IT failure and dependance EssayObviously this section of the text being the first scene in the play and so near to the beginning means that it was very important to perform it just right. The first scene in a play is all about introducing the characters and setting the scene so we had to think very carefully about how we wanted our characters to come across to the audience and exactly what we wanted to convey to them. It is the first impression for the audience and it will stick in their mind so it had to be put across with care. It had to have an impact on the audience, engage them and give them just enough information about the characters and their relationships to keep them interested but also not give away everything so that there is nothing to be conveyed throughout the rest of the play and no depth to the plot. Information has to be released steadily. It was also important that we conveyed the right atmosphere to the audience. The mood in this particular scene is very familiar and it was important that this was conveyed through the performance. Although things are a bit chaotic there is also the impression that every morning the same thing happens and everyone does the same thing. They appear to know each other and their routines very well for instance they talk about Billy and his late nights and getting up late as though it is a regular occurrence and they all are so used to Florences mumblings that they generally just ignore her and she just becomes background noise. We get the feeling that Geoffrey always does his paperwork at breakfast, Alice is always busy trying to keep things in order and Billy always strolls into breakfast as if he has all the time in the world. They all have their own agenda but still kept up the conversation showing their familiarity with the situation. All in all we get a strong typical family feel from this scene and it was important that all this was conveyed to the audience. As well as conveying the characters and the mood it was also important to give the audience some insight into relationships within the family. For example, Geoffrey and Alice would have been married for a long time and would be very familiar with each other, they would have quite a strong relationship and be quite united in their views, that had to come across to the audience by using eye contact between them and exchanges of looks conveying the fact that they knew what one another was thinking. Most of these looks were exchanged of course over Billy whose relationship with his parents to an extend seems to be fairly typical of a teenager and their mother and father in that you expect an amount of nagging but there is also an air of familiar disappointment and disapproval towards Billy. His parents give the feeling that Billy never does anything right and they expect the worst of him; they express little support or faith in Billy. We can tell all this from various things said about his actions for example, And what time did you get in last night? If it was last night. This bloody morning more like and He knocks about with too many lasses. He out with a different one every night, which shows their disapproval and lack of faith in him. All these things had to come across in the performance through body language, movement, facial expressions, gestures and tone and pattern of speech in order to introduce the characters in the right way.

Johnson Johnson Global Business Environment Essays

Johnson Johnson Global Business Environment Essays Johnson Johnson Global Business Environment Paper Johnson Johnson Global Business Environment Paper A truly global corporation, Johnson Johnson has securely positioned itself to overcome the challenges its ever-changing business environment poses, as well as take advantage of the opportunities presented. With a focus primarily on Johnson Johnnys pharmaceutical segment, this paper seeks to explore the complex multinational environment within which the company operates as well as the opportunities and threats that the environment poses. Next, the paper will analyze Johnson Johnnys current positioning, describing its value-chain and competitive positioning. The paper will close by evaluating how Johnson Johnson both can seize these opportunities to realize the goals of the company. II. Analyzing the Environment In industries as competitive as pharmaceutical, medical devices and consumer goods, analyzing the environment is vital for being able to make sound strategic decisions. Since Johnson Johnson strives to anticipate the external factors that affect its international business environment, as well as adapt to those changes, it is important that it understands the environment in which it is operating. The two sets of external forces that face the company are competitive and contextual. A. Competitive Environments Five Forces Model Michael Porters five forces model provides a way of analyzing Johnson Johnnys competitive environment. Due to a lack of available information about the bargaining power of suppliers as it applies to Johnson Johnson, this paper will address the four other forces: the threat of new entrants, the threat of substitutes, the bargaining power of customers, and the rivalry among industry competitors. 1 . The Threat of New Entrants High Barriers to Entry The threat of new entrants is not of particular concern to Johnson Johnson. Barriers to entry, especially in the industries of pharmaceuticals and deiced devices, are extremely high if not unassailable. The worlds top pharmaceutical companies have extensive manufacturing capabilities, distribution systems, and economies of scale that have been built up over decades and would be virtually impossible for a new entrant to replicate. These top firms also have patents that protect their current products, as well as established research pipelines that ensure the continual development of new products. Also, they have strong brand names and large marketing budgets with which to defend them. Finally, the exceptionally high capital acquirement for founding a pharmaceutical company and the sharp retaliation that new entrants could expect from the established competitors render the threat of new entrants very low. The medical device industry has similarly high barriers to entry. While entering the consumer goods market is easier, relatively, the vast number of competitors makes this industry very competitive, thus a strong brand name is vital for standing out. As the worlds most respected company according to Barron Magazine, new entrants to the consumer goods market do not pose a threat to Johnson Johnson. 2. The Threat Of Substitutes The Rise Of Generics The threat of substitutes is much more problematic than that of new entrants, especially in the pharmaceutical segment. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requires that generic drugs be bougainvillea to their brand name counterparts, making them serious substitutes. Once a patent expires, generic manufacturers are quick to reverse-engineer the formerly proprietary drugs and sell generic versions at a fraction of the cost. Virtually all the top pharmaceutical companies, Johnson Johnson included, face an influx of upcoming patent expirations. The impending loss of sales when energetic versions of the drugs inevitably become available is a serious threat to the profitability of many players in the industry. For example, Residual, a drug for schizophrenia made by a subsidiary of Johnson Johnnys called Janssen-Cilia, was a significant source of profits, with sales that totaled $3. 5 billion in 2005 and surged 21% percent in the first quarter of 2006, to $1. 2 billion. However, when the patent for Residual expired in December of 2007 and became available in generic form in October of 2008, the companys revenue from pharmaceutical sales stagnated. In fact, in July of 2007, Johnson Johnson announced plans to eliminate up to 4,800 jobs, citing patent expirations as the main motivation to trim the workforce and thus save money. If the company does not prepare for the difficult transition between enjoying market exclusivity and losing that security as those patents expire, it will face more negative consequences. 3. The Bargaining Power of Buyers Influence of Generics In the pharmaceutical industry, buyers include patients, medical doctors who prescribe drugs, pharmacists, hospital boards, insurance companies, and other health authorities. The bargaining power of patients goes hand in hand tit the threat of substitutes. When drugs are patent-protected, pharmaceutical companies enjoy a monopoly where they can set prices to include high profit margins. Since there are few to no substitutes for their products during this time, customers have little choice but to pay these prices, especially if their lives depend on the drugs. However, once cheaper, generic versions of the drugs become available, buyers gain more power. Patients switching costs, an important element in determining the bargaining power of buyers, are fairly low, and price-sensitive buyers will likely switch to generic versions once available. Johnson Johnnys main tool in combating this problem is its strong brand name. Many customers have more trust in brand name products and are willing to pay extra for this perceived security. The other groups within buyers of pharmaceutical products, while fragmented, have more power than patients. Within the American healthcare system, insurance companies and health maintenance companies (Homos) have considerable bargaining power, as they decide which drugs to endorse and provide. Since they have an interest in lowering costs, they exert a strong downward pressure on drug prices, partly due to the threat of the availability f generics. European governments national healthcare systems have a similarly high level of power, if not higher due to strict price controls. Thus, pharmaceutical companies have a need to establish successful relationships with these groups and market towards them heavily. 4. The Degree of Rivalry Fierce and Changing Competition Competition in the pharmaceutical industry is intense and growing in intensity. While the numerous competitors remain fairly fragmented, mergers and acquisitions have increased rivalry, as the top firms areas of expertise began to overlap. Rivalry is especially intense in saturated markets, such as he pain reliever segment, in which Johnson Johnson competes with its products Ethylene and Motoring. In growing markets, innovation is a key driver of competition since pharmaceutical companies depend on blockbuster drugs for a large proportion of their revenue. With only one out of every 1 0,000 discovered drugs approved to be sold, stakes are high to find the cash cow drugs that recuperate the increasingly high costs of development. Since me too drugs are not as profitable, innovation drives the race to be first-to- market. While the main competitors in the pharmaceutical industry are incinerated in the United States, Europe, and Japan, an increasing number of players especially generic drug manufacturers are appearing in developing countries, such as China and India. These companies are driving the shift in the industry toward becoming more commoditized. Also, numerous biotech upstarts, which are smaller, more agile, and have lower overhead costs than their conglomerate competitors, are growing in power and taking market share. As the dynamics of the industry change, the established companies will find themselves facing stiff competition from all sides. B. Contextual Environment PEST Analysis A PEST (Political, Economic, Social, and Technological) analysis is a useful tool for understanding the larger environment within which the company operates. Companies can use this tool to identify a multitude of important aspects of their environments that may impact their businesses. . Political Environment Changing Politics and Policies First, the politics on local, regional, national, or international scales can exert strong forces on businesses. Since Johnson Johnson operates worldwide, it must keep track of the political developments that may affect its business. For example, in the Czech Republic, health care is the subject of a ajar p olitical debate. Changes in the healthcare system may affect to whom Johnson Johnson needs to market, and with whom it needs to negotiate if the company wants its products covered by the Czech healthcare system. Also, Johnson Johnson should be aware that the Czech Republic has a weak Parliament that will change in 201 gs elections. The company needs to anticipate which policies may shift under the new government. Finally, Johnson Johnson should be aware that the Czech Republic will serve as president of the Council of the European Union for the first six months of 2009. This is the best time for the Johnson Johnson branch located in the Czech Republic to lobby for any policy changes regarding the companys interests and the business environment. 2. Economic Environment The Crisis and the Euro The economic climate is also important for Johnson Johnson to analyze in order to predict when its business may face challenges, as well as when it can seize an opportunity for growth. Operating in the European Union and larger European community means that Johnson Johnson has felt the effects of the current economic crisis. Aware of the crisis, the company has en able to plan for its impact, and fortunately, the effects on Johnson Johnson have not been severe, as medical products remain necessities even in periods of economic downturn. In respect to the Johnson Johnson branch in the Czech Republic, the economic environment is one that quickly transitioned from a communist, planned economy to the free market. Though the Czech Republic has embraced free market principles since the fall of the Soviet Union, it is important that Johnson Johnson recognize that this change was relatively recent, and certain aspects of working in the Czech Republic may still be effected by this history. Finally, discussions surrounding the use of the Euro and the benefits and disadvantages of a common currency are debates that Joy moons Johnson should be aware of in this time period. While Slovakia adopted the Euro in January 2009, the Czech Republic has kept its own currency. A switch to the Euro in the Czech Republic could have a wide range of effects, some positive and some negative, and Johnson Johnson should understand the implications for its business if that change occurs in the Czech Republic. For example, adopting the Euro would make transactions with other countries ore convenient, and Johnson Johnson should be prepared for a possible increase in transactions or the speed in which transactions take place in order to take advantage of the opportunities this change could provide. It should also be ready for the numerous practical difficulties with tasks such as accounting that may occur with a change in currency. Keeping these economic scenarios in mind is the kind of forward-thinking that is crucial to Johnson Johnnys success. 3. Social Environment Aging Population and Public Health Problems There are two major social changes on the horizon that will both affect Johnson Johnson as well as provide tremendous opportunities. The first is the aging population. The gigantic baby boomer generation, consisting of those born between 1946 and 1964, has had a huge social and economic impact on the world since its birth. This trend will continue as the generation is beginning to enter old age. The influx of senior citizens will create huge demands throughout all realms of medical care. Johnson Johnson can expect to see increased sales across all three of its segments -? pharmaceuticals, medical devices and diagnostics, and consumer goods in he coming decades, and must plan production accordingly to be able to meet the needs of this huge generation as they enter their most medically- dependent years. Additionally, in order to cater to the aging population, Johnson Johnson is pioneering developments in preventative medicine as well as less invasive surgery techniques. Another major social change affecting Johnson Johnson is the phenomenon Of surging rates Of various health problems, especially in developed societies but spreading worldwide, from obesity and diabetes to cancer and mental disorders. Though highly problematic for society, companies in medicine- elated industries such as Johnson Johnson are finding themselves with an increasing number of people to treat and cure. As a company that invests heavily in research and development, Johnson Johnson has the opportunity to lead the way in finding ways to address these serious public health issues. 4. Technological Environment -? Promising Nevus Fields As many pharmaceutical drug markets become saturated and the blockbuster drug strategy becomes obsolete due to the major changes occurring in the industry, innovation and breakthrough medical technologies are essential for finding blue oceans in which to compete. Predictive declined, which entails predicting diseases based on genetics and preventing them, and personalized medicine, which involves managing a patients health based on his or her individual characteristics as opposed to following the more traditional standards of care model, are growing fields into which Johnson Johnson can expand. The companys strong emphasis on research and development and its leadership in the medical devices and diagnostics segment put it in an excellent position to become a frontrunners in making new discoveries in these promising new technological fields. C. Determining Threats and Opportunities 1 . Threats -? The Uneducated Consumer and Mergers and Acquisitions One of the biggest threats facing a company like Johnson Johnson is the uneducated consumer. Especially within the consumer products and pharmaceuticals markets, with the increasing availability and lower cost of generic products, a key component of continued competitiveness is the discerning consumer who has preferences when it comes to treatment options. Johnson Johnson must continually work hard to make sure that people are aware of its products and the quality that it ensures through effective branding and promotional practices, as well as consumer education. Patent expirations are also a constant concern for Johnson Johnson as proprietary information is an integral part of sustained revenue streams. Mergers and acquisitions (MAs) present both potential opportunities and threats for Johnson Johnson. The company has pursued MAs that have served to expand the companys resources and help penetrate new and diverse markets. For example, Johnson Johnson recently acquired Mentor Corporation in order to expand its operations in to the aesthetic and reconstructive medicine market. Also, an important new medical product called the Fibrin pad was developed with the cooperation of three Johnson Johnson-owned subsidiaries. These are just a couple examples of how Johnson Johnson is able to both grow and innovate through M. On the other hand, M between other companies in the healthcare industry have the potential to upset Johnson s value chain and competitive advantages. Johnson Johnson must pay close attention to the actions of rival companies in order to maintain its market-leader positions and barriers to entry against competitors. 2. Opportunities -? Research, Synergies, Emerging Markets, and the Aging Population Johnson Johnnys greatest opportunity is found in its heavy investment in research and development. This is especially important for its medical devices and diagnostics and pharmaceutical divisions. It is necessary for the company to be on the leading technological edge when it comes to medical devices to ensure that it can offer the most accurate and up-to-date machines available. As for the pharmaceutical sector, patent expiration and generic drugs demand constant innovation and addition to Johnson Johnnys pipeline of products for sustained success. Strong pipelines in its pharmaceutical and medical devices sectors are a major source of confidence n the companys long-term success. With eight new late-stage compounds in the pharmaceutical sector and the introduction Of several new products to new markets in the medical devices sector, Johnson Johnson seems to be advancing its pipeline quite progressively. It also strives to be a consistently innovative company, and around 40% of its current products have been developed within the last 3-4 years. In 2008, Johnson spent $7. 6 billion on research and development. The reinvestment of of sales in to R, versus the industry average of 3%, demonstrates a source of competitive advantage for the company. Synergies between product branches are yet another source of opportunities for Johnson Johnson. Through the well-coordinated efforts of its pharmaceutical and consumer products divisions, Johnson Johnson was able to make the formerly prescribed drug Cortez available as an over-the- counter drug, which came to be the companys most successful product launch in 2008. This is yet another example of how the company is able to pool its resources in order to find ways to fulfill both the needs of both its customers and stakeholders. Other opportunities for Johnson Johnson are present in emerging arrests such as Brazil, Russia, India and China.

The Modern Chinese Wedding Ceremony and Banquet

The Modern Chinese Wedding Ceremony and Banquet In modern China, the official marriage ceremony is  now substantially different than it was in traditional Chinese custom, where most marriages were arranged according to a social arrangement and were heavily influenced by the philosophy and practices of Confucianism- at least for the majority of Han Chinese. Other ethnic groups traditionally had different customs. These traditional customs were a carry-over from feudal times in China but were changed by two different reforms after the Communist revolution.  Thus, the official act of marriage in modern China is a secular ceremony, not a religious one. However, there remain strong traditional customs in place in many parts of China.   The first reform came with the 1950 marriage law, the first official marriage document for the Peoples Republic of China, in which the feudal nature of traditional marriage was officially eliminated. Another reform came in 1980, at which time individuals were allowed to select their own marriage partners. In an effort to control population numbers, Chinese law today requires men to be at least 22 years of age and women 20 years of age before they can legally marry. It should be noted that while official policy outlaws all the feudal customs, in practice of arranging marriage does persist in many families. Chinese law does not recognize yet recognize same-sex marriage rights. Since 1984 homosexuality is no longer considered a crime, but there is still substantial social disapproval of same-sex relationships. Modern Chinese Wedding Ceremonies Although the official modern Chinese wedding ceremony usually takes place in a city hall office presided over by a government official, the genuine celebration generally occurs later at a private wedding banquet reception that is usually hosted and paid for by the grooms family.  Religious Chinese may also opt to exchange vows at a religious ceremony, but either way, it is at the later banquet reception that the larger celebration occurs, attended by friends and extended family.   The Chinese Wedding Banquet The wedding banquet is a lavish affair lasting two or more hours. Invited guests sign their names in a wedding book or on a large scroll and present their red envelopes to attendants at the entrance of the wedding hall. The envelope is opened and the money is counted while the guest looks on. The guests’ names and amounts of money given are recorded so that the bride and groom know how much each guest gave toward the wedding. This record is helpful for when the couple later attends this guests own wedding- they are expected to offer a gift of more money than they themselves received.   After presenting the red envelope, guests are ushered into a large banquet hall. Guests are sometimes assigned seats but are sometimes welcome to sit where they choose.  Once all the guests have arrived, the wedding party begins. Nearly all Chinese banquets feature an emcee or master of ceremonies who announces the arrival of the bride and groom. The couple’s entrance marks the beginning of the wedding celebration. After one member of the  couple, usually the groom gives a short welcome speech, guests are served the first of nine meal courses. Throughout the meal, the bride and groom enter and re-enter the banquet hall, each time wearing different clothing outfits. While the guests eat, the bride and groom are typically busy changing their clothes and attending to their guests’ needs. The couple typically re-enters the dining hall after the third and sixth courses. Toward the end of the meal but before dessert is served, the bride and groom toast the guests. The groom’s best friend may also offer up a toast. The bride and groom make their way to each table where the guests stand and simultaneously toast the happy couple. Once the bride and groom have visited each table, they exit the hall while dessert is served. Once dessert is served, the wedding celebration  promptly ends. Before leaving, guests line up to greet the bride and groom and their families standing outside the hall in a receiving line. Each guest has a photo taken with the couple and may be offered sweets by the bride. Post-Wedding Rituals After the wedding banquet, close friends and relatives go to the bridal chamber and play tricks on the newlyweds as a way to extend good wishes. The couple then shares a glass of wine and teach traditionally cuts off a lock of hair to symbolize that they are now of one heart. Three, seven or nine days after the wedding, the bride returns to her maiden home to visit her family. Some couples opt to go on a honeymoon vacation as well. There are also customs regarding the birth of the first child.

Summary Report Assignment - The World is Flat Essay

Summary Report Assignment - The World is Flat - Essay Example instead embrace these changes as a means of further specializing the work force and using these elements of a flat world to the competitive advantage of the skilled worker in the United States; to the same degree and extent to which skilled workers elsewhere throughout the globe are using the talents and skill sets of laborers elsewhere to promote industry and development. A further focus is placed upon seeking to make retirement benefits and insurance less dependent upon the actual employer and more dependent upon the government. This prescription is rather strange as Friedman can otherwise be understood as a laissez faire economist; however, this particular approach is one that allows the reader to come to the understanding that even though the economic principles that he supports and promotes are fiscally conservative, there is a strain of economic liberalism in his approach. This of course makes his view more balanced and palatable to those that might otherwise by put off by his more hands off approach to global

Cyber Crime as opposed to Cyber warfare Research Paper

Cyber Crime as opposed to Cyber warfare - Research Paper Example For instance, the main aim is to access implicit information and to destroy existing data warehouses and governmental networks to bring economic, technical and social losses to rival nations. Problem Statement Although systems and software developing IT organisations (such as Microsoft, Apple, IBM) have been striving to deal with the rising menace of cyber crime, there is dire need to develop strong anti-virus software's to ensure information security. Nevertheless, cyber crimes (specifically viruses) do not only threaten security of software components, but also they may sabotage hardware resources, especially computer hard disks. In addition, the cyber warfare may disrupt a nation’s strategic functioning as it could damage mainframe and super computer systems used for keeping military and government records. Significance of the Problem The issue of cyber crimes is not concerted to boundaries rather it could affect any end-user residing in any geographical region. The hackers do not target users in any specific area (or from any ethnicity, religion, cast, colour or language) but they may batter (virtually) any person for unidentified reasons. Still, the world has been seeking appropriate solutions that could help improve their security in cyberspace. The researcher would like to argue that the probability that many nations worldwide may have Cyber Wars in future will increase, as more countries will enter cyberspace and send satellites in the orbit. Aims and Objectives The major aim of this research paper is to analyse the growing menace of cyber crimes from cyber terrorists and identify the weaknesses that should be overcome to avert cyber crimes. The objectives are as under: 1) To... Although systems and software developing IT organizations have been striving to deal with the rising menace of cyber crime, there is dire need to develop strong anti-virus software's to ensure information security. Nevertheless, cyber crimes (specifical viruses) do not only threaten the security of software components but also they may sabotage hardware resources, especially computer hard disks. In addition, the cyber warfare may disrupt a nation’s strategic functioning as it could damage mainframe and super computer systems used for keeping military and government records.The issue of cyber crimes is not converted to boundaries rather it could affect any end-user residing in any geographical region. The hackers do not target users in any specific area (or from any ethnicity, religion, caste, color or language ) but they may batter (virtually) any person for unidentified reasons. Still, the world has been seeking appropriate solutions that could help improve their security in cyberspace. The researcher would like to argue that the probability that many nations worldwide may have Cyber Wars in future will increase, as more countries will enter cyberspace and send satellites into the orbit. The major aim of this research paper is to analyze the growing menace of cyber crimes from cyber terrorists and identify the weaknesses that should be overcome to avert cyber crimes. Cyber warfare may sabotage diplomatic relationships between or among nations as well as has potential to indulge nations in physical war (end result) in near future.

Complete Course Material Essay Example for Free

Complete Course Material Essay MGT 426 Complete Course Material MGT 426 Week 1 DQ 1 Why is change necessary? What about change is disruptive? How can meeting the challenge of change become organizational opportunities? MGT 426 Week 1 DQ 2 Change: what is in it for me? What is the cycle of change? What are some examples of continuous change? What are some examples of discontinuous change? What are some differences between continuous and discontinuous change? MGT 426 Week 1 Individual Assignment Article Review MGT 426 Week 2 DQ 1 What is organizational culture? What is the relationship between shared vision and organizational culture? How does organizational culture affect an organization’s ability to cope with change? MGT 426 Week 2 DQ 2 How does modeling a change process facilitate change? What are the strengths and weaknesses of the three change models? What are some applications of the three change models? MGT 426 Week 2 Individual Assignment Roles of Managers and Individuals Paper MGT 426 Week 2 Learning Team Assignment Managing Change Paper Part I MGT 426 Week 3 DQ 1 Why is it important to do a gap analysis? How do you apply gap analysis to the change models? Give an example of when you may use a gap analysis. MGT 426 Week 3 DQ 2 What are the steps in implementing change? What should you consider when selecting a change implementation model? Explain. MGT 426 Week 3 Individual Assignment Resistance to Change Paper MGT 426 Week 3 Learning Team Assignment Managing Change Paper and Presentation Part II MGT 426 Week 4 DQ 1 How do you measure the progress of change? How do you know change has been institutionalized? How do you determine what changes have occurred? MGT 426 Week 4 DQ 2 What organizational systems are impacted by the cycle of change? Explain. What systems are not as easily impacted by change? Why or why not? MGT 426 Week 4 Individual Assignment Ethics During Change paper MGT 426 Week 4 Learning Team Assignment Managing Change Paper Part III MGT 426 Week 5 DQ 1 What characteristics of a learning organization do you see in your organization? What can your organization do to transform into a learning organization? MGT 426 Week 5 DQ 2 How closely does your organization follow Senge’s five disciplines? Is this useful? Why or why not? MGT 426 Week 5 Individual Assignment Learning Organization Paper MGT 426 Week 5 Learning Team Assignment Managing Change Paper and Presentation Part IV

Othello †the Universal Appeal Essay -- Othello essays

Othello – the Universal Appeal  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   For 400 years the audience has found William Shakespeare’s tragedy Othello to be relevant to their lives and tastes. Why? What enduring qualities does the play possess in order to ensure its continuing success?    Does the reason lie in the great heterogeneity of characters and scenes and actions within the play?   Robert B. Heilman in â€Å"The Role We Give Shakespeare† relates the universality of Shakespeare to the â€Å"innumerableness of the parts†:    But the Shakespeare completeness appears graspable and possessable to many men at odds with each other, because of the innumerableness of the parts: these parts we may consider incompletenesses, partial perspectives, and as such they correspond to the imperfect (but not necessarily invalid) modes of seeing and understanding practiced by imperfect (but not necessarily wrongheaded) interpreters and theorists of different camps. Each interpreter sees some part of the whole that does, we may say, mirror him, and he then proceeds to enlarge the mirror until it becomes the work as a whole (10).    Indeed, the reader finds a wide variety of â€Å"parts† from beginning to end of Othello. This is seen in the fact of about 20 characters with speaking roles; and in their variety of   occupations from duke to clown; and in the numerous scene changes; and in the differentiation in speech, actions, manners between every single individual character.    Is characterization another cause of the dramatist’s broad popularity? Harry Levin in the General Introduction to The Riverside Shakespeare finds other reasons for his appeal:      Universal as his attraction has been, it is best understood through particulars. Though – to our advan... ... Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from Shakespeare: The Pattern in His Carpet. N.p.: n.p., 1970.    Frye, Northrop. â€Å"Nature and Nothing.† Essays on Shakespeare. Ed. Gerald Chapman. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1965.    Heilman, Robert B. â€Å"The Role We Give Shakespeare.† Essays on Shakespeare. Ed. Gerald Chapman. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1965.    Levin, Harry. General Introduction. The Riverside Shakespeare. Ed. G. Blakemore Evans. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1974.    Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http://www.eiu.edu/~multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos.    Wilkie, Brian and James Hurt. â€Å"Shakespeare.† Literature of the Western World. Ed. Brian Wilkie and James Hurt. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., 1992.       Othello – the Universal Appeal Essay -- Othello essays Othello – the Universal Appeal  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   For 400 years the audience has found William Shakespeare’s tragedy Othello to be relevant to their lives and tastes. Why? What enduring qualities does the play possess in order to ensure its continuing success?    Does the reason lie in the great heterogeneity of characters and scenes and actions within the play?   Robert B. Heilman in â€Å"The Role We Give Shakespeare† relates the universality of Shakespeare to the â€Å"innumerableness of the parts†:    But the Shakespeare completeness appears graspable and possessable to many men at odds with each other, because of the innumerableness of the parts: these parts we may consider incompletenesses, partial perspectives, and as such they correspond to the imperfect (but not necessarily invalid) modes of seeing and understanding practiced by imperfect (but not necessarily wrongheaded) interpreters and theorists of different camps. Each interpreter sees some part of the whole that does, we may say, mirror him, and he then proceeds to enlarge the mirror until it becomes the work as a whole (10).    Indeed, the reader finds a wide variety of â€Å"parts† from beginning to end of Othello. This is seen in the fact of about 20 characters with speaking roles; and in their variety of   occupations from duke to clown; and in the numerous scene changes; and in the differentiation in speech, actions, manners between every single individual character.    Is characterization another cause of the dramatist’s broad popularity? Harry Levin in the General Introduction to The Riverside Shakespeare finds other reasons for his appeal:      Universal as his attraction has been, it is best understood through particulars. Though – to our advan... ... Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from Shakespeare: The Pattern in His Carpet. N.p.: n.p., 1970.    Frye, Northrop. â€Å"Nature and Nothing.† Essays on Shakespeare. Ed. Gerald Chapman. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1965.    Heilman, Robert B. â€Å"The Role We Give Shakespeare.† Essays on Shakespeare. Ed. Gerald Chapman. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1965.    Levin, Harry. General Introduction. The Riverside Shakespeare. Ed. G. Blakemore Evans. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1974.    Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http://www.eiu.edu/~multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos.    Wilkie, Brian and James Hurt. â€Å"Shakespeare.† Literature of the Western World. Ed. Brian Wilkie and James Hurt. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., 1992.      

Novel Prize on Economics in 2009

TOPIC: Novel Prize on Economics In 2009 Abstract: This year's Nobel Prize in economics goes to Elinor Ostrom and Oliver E. Williamson. Elinor Ostrom received the prize for her analysis of economic governance, especially the commons while Oliver E. Williamson received the prize for his contributions to the economic governance, emphasizing the boundaries of the firm and its role in conflict resolution and case bargaining. Michael Spence, the 2001 Nobel prize winner, briefly summarized the main contributions of Elinor Ostrom and Oliver E.Williamson to the economic theory. Many economist and critics has given their speech about the novel prize award of this year. Some of them criticize the novel committee for giving the prize of these two persons while others congratulate the prize winners as well as the novel committee. Most of the people think Novel prize received by the right person for their great contribution on economics. Introduction: The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Scienc es in Memory of Alfred Nobel was established in 1968.Technically, there is no ‘Nobel’ prize in Economics; on the website of Nobel foundation, amongst Nobel Prize in Physics, Chemistry, Medicine, Literature and the Nobel Peace Prize, later ‘Prize in Economics’ commenced since 1969. After that this prise has been given regularly. 41 Prizes in Economic Sciences have been awarded every year since 1969. 22 Prizes in Economic Sciences have been given to one Laureate only. 15 Prizes in Economic Sciences have been shared by two Laureates. 4 Prizes in Economic Sciences have been shared between three Laureates. Nobel Prize in economics gets Elinor Ostrom and Oliver E.Williamson jointly in this year. Elinor Ostrom received the prize for her analysis of economic governance, especially the commons while Oliver E. Williamson received the prize for his contributions to the economic governance, emphasizing the boundaries of the firm and its role in conflict resolution and case bargaining. Objectives of the study: We are very interested about the novel prize that has been given on economics. Economics is one of the important issues for any country all over the world. As we are the student of business faculty we have to achieve vast knowledge on economics.A countries development basically depends on the prosperous economy. Moreover, we want to know about how economist of one country’s places their contribution in the development of the economy of the country. We also want to know how economist get novel prize on the economics. What contribution helps them to get the novel prize? After all as we are the students of business faculty we want to learn more about the economics. The main objective of the study is to know for what kinds of activities Elinor Ostrom and Oliver E. Williamson get the novel prize in the year 2009.Novel Prize on Economics In 2009 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, commonl y referred to as the Nobel Prize in Economics is an award for outstanding contributions to the science of economics and is generally considered one of the most prestigious awards for that science. The official name is the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel. It is not actually one of the Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel during 1895, but is commonly identified with them.The Prize in Economics, as it is referred to by the Nobel Foundation, was established and endowed by Sveriges Riksbank, Sweden's central bank, during 1968 on the Bank's 300th anniversary, in memory of Alfred Nobel's 1895 will. Like the Nobel Laureates in Chemistry and Physics, Laureates in Economics are selected by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences It was first awarded during 1969 to the Dutch and Norwegian economists Jan Tinbergen and Ragnar Frisch, â€Å"for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes. † Funding of the PrizeAn endowment â€Å"in perpetuity† from Sveriges Riksbank pays the Nobel Foundation's administrative expenses associated with the prize and funds the monetary component of the award Since 2001, the monetary portion of the Prize in Economics has been 10  million Swedish kronor , equivalent to the amount given for the Nobel Prizes Since 2006, Sveriges Riksbank has given the Nobel Foundation an annual grant of 6. 5 million Swedish kronor. Relation to the Nobel Prize The nomination process, selection criteria, and awards presentation of the Prize in Economic Sciences are performed in a manner similar to that of the Nobel Prizes.The Prize is awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences â€Å"in accordance with the rules governing the award of the Nobel Prizes instituted through his [Alfred Nobel's] will†, which stipulates that the prize is awarded annually to â€Å"those who †¦ shall have conferred the greatest benefit on mankind†. The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel is the only non-Nobel prize that has ever been associated officially with the Nobel Foundation. The next time a similar offer was made — an offer by Jakob von Uexkull, who subsequently established the Right Livelihood Award — the offer was declined.Award nomination and selection process: Announcement of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences 2008 According to its official website, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences â€Å"administers a researcher exchange with academies in other countries and publishes six scientific journals. Every year the Academy awards the Nobel Prizes in Physics and Chemistry, the Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, the Crafoord Prize and a number of other large prizes†.Each September the Academy's Economics Prize Committee, which consists of five elected members, â€Å"sends invitations to thousands of scientists, members of academies a nd university professors in numerous countries, asking them to nominate candidates for the Prize in Economics for the coming year. Members of the Academy and former laureates are also authorised to nominate candidates. † All proposals and their supporting evidence must be received before February 1. The proposals are reviewed by the Prize Committee and specially appointed experts. Before the end of September, the committee chooses potential laureates.If there is a tie, the chairman of the committee casts the deciding vote. Next, the potential laureates must be approved by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Members of the Ninth Class (the social sciences division) of the Academy vote in mid-October to determine the next laureate or laureates of the Prize in Economics. As with the Nobel Prizes, no more than three people can share the prize for a given year; they must still be living at the time of the Prize announcement in October; and information about Prize nominations can not be disclosed publicly for 50 years.With the Nobel Laureates in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, and Literature, each Laureate in Economics receives a diploma, gold medal, and monetary grant award document from the King of Sweden at the annual Nobel Prize Award Ceremony in Stockholm, on December 10—the anniversary of Nobel's death The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2009: The winners of the novel prize in 2009: | | Elinor Ostrom| Oliver E. Williamson| Elinor Ostrom: She got the novel prize for her analysis of economic governance, especially the commons.Her work is much more in the realm of economics than I believe you give her credit for, regardless of whether economists have heard of her. She did work in the allocation of resources and how economic institutions and situations are formed. Her work is incredibly important in study. Understanding that The majority of economists just postulate the existence of economic institu tions and the matters of economic decision making and then study the behavior – without ever questioning where the institutions and units that permitted that behavior ever came from.Her work is helpful in explaining that because she gets away solely from the economic perspective and looks at it from what circumstances and how we as humans function allows us to set up those institutions. Anyone who has read Dr. Ostrom’s work knows that her research is (1) heavily informed by the micro theory work done on the themes that she studies, and (2) she pays a lot of attention to the details that define the interactions between the individuals under Those are, of course, two characteristics inherent in the best applied economics research done anywhere in the world (political science departments included).Her work is carefully crafted, pragmatic in the sense of not being driven by fixed ideas about how the world works, sophisticated (in a game theoretic sense) and most importantl y, very insightful in illuminating the issues she studies. Oliver E. Williamson: He got the novel prize for his analysis of economic governance, especially the boundaries of the firm. His research was viewed as a hip, iconoclastic contribution to economics — something that was talked about by economist. What’s interesting is that in the ensuing 15 years, it seems that economists have talked less and less about Williamson’s research.It is also seemed that most assistant professors of economics have barely heard of him. Yet it is thought that the older generation of economists will applaud this choice. However most of the economics thinks that he was the appropriate person to get this prize. The Prize Amount The list below shows the Prize amount in Swedish kronor (SEK) through the years. The Prize amount for 2009 is set at Swedish kronor (SEK) 10 million per full Prize. YEAR| | PRISE AMOUNT | 2001|   | 10,000,000 | | 2002|   | 10,000,000 | | 2003|   | 10,000 ,000 | | 2004|   | 10,000,000 | | 2005|   | 10,000,000 | | 2006|   | 10,000,000 | | 007|   | 10,000,000 | | 2008|   | 10,000,000 | | 2009|   | 10,000,000| Nobel Prize for Economics 2009  Predictions: * MARK L. GERTLER Henry and Lucy Moses Professor of Economics, New York University, New York, NY, USA †¢ 2007-2008 Guggenheim Fellow and 2008 First Prize Award for Best Paper presented at the NBER’S International Seminar on Macroeconomics during its first 25 years Here are my comments for each of the fields. Behavioral Economics- I have read a bit of all the above except  Ernst Fehr. The Prize was given in 2002 for behavioral economics and I think giving another one in 2009 will be too early.And not having Thaler in the list for behavioral economics would be like awarding another award for International Trade without having Bhagwati on the list or  an award for environmental economics without having Nordhaus on the list. Moreover Rabin is just about 46 nowà ‚  and as per Nobel Prize winners’ age is too young for the award. But yes  whenever behavioral economics is awarded next, Rabin would be a strong contender. Environmental Economics- I have read very little about these two guys and environment economics in general. I have to read a lot more on this to comment anything.But yes see some recognition of the importance of the field soon. Till the committee does not award the field, it will always be in the prediction list. Monetary Economics- I have read quite a bit of John Taylor and if monetary economics is recognized, he would most likely get the award. His work on getting rules into monetary policy framework is quite a revolution. There are strong critiques of John Taylor but this is the case with much of economics. Gertler has written quite a few papers with Bernanke and is a leading proponent with Jordi Gali (see this) on New Keynesian Theory and DSGE Models.Given the current criticism on these models, I don’t think they will be awarded this time. So let’s wait for 12 October†¦. Ashok Chatterjee Says: September 11, 2009 at 5:40 pm Prof. Jagdish Bhagwati’scandidature for receiving this year’s Nobel Prize is not only overdue, but also it will be a fitting tribute to an economist whose contribution to the promotion of Globalization in Macroeconomics is unparalleled and unsurpassed. It would be a great pity if the Nobel Committee gets bogged down in an endless argument in stead of seeing the obvious giant among the great talents in Ecnomics Teddy Chabot Says:September 14, 2009 at 7:12 am I wouldn’t be surprised to see Jean Tirole win (with perhaps a few other folks given the committee’s recent track record) for his contributions to applied game theory in general and industrial organization in particular. The ’80s saw a veritable explosion in work in IO associated with game theory. In the last 10-15 years, we’ve seen a number of Nobels for game theory contributions, some of which involved more or less applied work. But we have yet to see anyone win for the massive insights that game theory provided to our understanding of competition among firms.Tirole is the most obvious candidate to be rewarded for those advances. YangC Says: September 14, 2009 at 11:57 am In the past couple of years, Hyperwage Theory has become controversial since it came out in 2005, because it has a specific solution to reducing poverty in the Third World countries. The only problem — the solution is one that is the opposite conventional wisdom. A few economics teachers are now giving the theory as basis for critiques. (I am a math major so I do not know one economic theory from the other, but the portion i’ve read makes sense to me. I think the Nobel should consider Hyperwage Theory at least. Ralph Byrns Says: October 9, 2009 at 5:39 pm Fehr, Rabin, and Thaler all deserve serious consideration. Their varied contributions in behavioral e conomics force us to rethink what economics has been (the study of decisionmaking and its consequences) versus economics as more narrowly focused on rational decisionmaking. If economics is defined, per the views of some scholars, as focused only on raional decisionmaking, then we are doomed to irrelevance in a world that is increasigly in need of multidisciplinary research. David Says: October 11, 2009 at 12:17 amIt is only a wishful thought, but I would be very happy if Tom Sargent wins the prize. Not only a great academic, but also a great person and teacher. Thanks. What This Year’s Nobel Prize in Economics Says about the Nobel Prize in Economics: By STEVEN D. LEVITT Earlier today, Elinor Ostrom and Oliver Williamson were awarded the Nobel Prize in economics for their work on the role of institutions. Congratulations to both of them! When I was a graduate student at MIT back in the early 1990’s, there was a Nobel Prize betting pool every year. Three years in a row, Oliver Williamson was my choice.At the time, his research was viewed as a hip, iconoclastic contribution to economics — something that was talked about by economists, but those students was not actually trying to emulate (and probably would have been actively discouraged from had they tried to do so). What’s interesting is that in the ensuing 15 years, it seems to me that economists have talked less and less about Williamson’s research, at least in the circles in which I run. I suspect most assistant professors of economics have barely heard of him. Yet I suspect the older generation of economists will applaud this choice.The reaction of the economics community to Elinor Ostrom’s prize will likely be quite different. The reason? If you had done a poll of academic economists yesterday and asked who Elinor Ostrom was, or what she worked on, I doubt that more than one in five economists could have given you an answer. I personally would have failed the test . I had to look her up on Wikipedia, and even after reading the entry, I have no recollection of ever seeing or hearing her name mentioned by an economist. She is a political scientist, both by training and her career — one of the most decorated political scientists around.So the fact I have never heard of her reflects badly on me, and it also highlights just how substantial the boundaries between social science disciplines remain. So the short answer is that the economics profession is going to hate the prize going to Ostrom even more than Republicans hated the Peace prize going to Obama. Economists want this to be an economists’ prize (after all, economists are self-interested). This award demonstrates, in a way that no previous prize has, that the prize is moving toward a Nobel in Social Science, not a Nobel in economics. According to Eric A:Elinor Ostorm’s work is much more in the realm of economics than I believe you give her credit for, regardless of wheth er economists have heard of her. She did work in the allocation of resources and how economic institutions and situations are formed. Her work is incredibly important in understanding that. The majority of economists just postulate the existence of economic institutions and the matters of economic decision making and then study the behavior – without ever questioning where the institutions and units that permitted that behavior ever came from.Her work is helpful in explaining that because she gets away solely from the economic perspective and looks at it from what circumstances and how we as humans function allows us to set up those institutions. It’s a failure of economists to not recognize some of the implications for her work; not the failure of the Nobel committee for honoring her insights into â€Å"New Institutional Economics. † Also, take a look at yourself. You’ve won a Clark medal and most of your work could easily be classified as sociology.If y ou had a degree in sociology and did the same work, you could make the same case that the Clark medal is becoming a prize for â€Å"social sciences†; but because your degree is in economics it’s without notice. I’m curious though, were economists upset by the prize being awarded to Thomas Schelling whose most impressive work is arguably just political science with insights from economics and game theory? Or because he’s an economist by training and manner that his prize is still considered an â€Å"economics prize†?Perhaps the award will act as a wakeup call to economists – just because it’s not called â€Å"economics† doesn’t mean it’s not applicable to your field. The natural sciences figured this out decades ago when the fields started to converge upon one another (see: the line between areas like physical chemistry and physics) – perhaps economist needs to start looking at the advantageous of political science research when it is clearly applicable to their area of study, rather than just ignoring it.One of the reasons the natural sciences have seen an explosion in information and advancement in the 20th century is because of the breaking down of barriers between fields and using insights of other areas in a synthesis – economics should do the same where applicable in fields of political science, sociology, and psychology. According to Sebastian The people who feel the need to comment on Obama here should be ashamed: This is an amazing day for two highly original, fascinating scientists. Why can’t you talk about their work or shut up? And the Obama Nobel jokes were old on Saturday, already). I actually don’t think that economists are going to hate this quite as much as Levitt thinks. I think Krugman is right that this is a price for institutional economics and I think many people can relate to that, especially as it’s also timely – institutional economics is very good in addressing regulation – be it of CO2 emissions or of the financial system. Certainly no begrudging from Alex Tabarok at MR, Krugman on his Blog and Michael Spence at Forbes. Too bad you don’t say a little more of their work.Readers who want to learn something should go to MR, which has two fantastic short posts. CONCLUSION: In this year Nobel Prize in economics 2009 gets Elinor Ostrom and Oliver E. Williamson jointly in this year. For her analysis of economic governance Elinor Ostorm gets the prize, especially the commons and Oliver E. Williamson received the prize for his contributions to the economic governance, emphasizing the boundaries of the firm and its role in conflict resolution and case bargaining. Many economist and critics has given their speech about the novel prize award of this year.Some of them criticize the novel committee for giving the prize of these two persons while others congratulate the prize winners as well as the nove l committee. Different people have different viewpoint but we think that Elinor Ostorm and Oliver E Williamson won the prize for their great contribution on the economic field. In the time of economic recession they analyzed economics governance and find out what are the reasons behind the economic recession. So we think that they received their prize for their great contribution in economics. References: Newspaper Magazine Articles on Novel prize in 2009 and Internet

Benchmarking conflict management

Benchmarking is a process of determining what is best, may it be a company, organization, business or individual. This is done by setting standards and who attains the set standards. Benchmarking is done by comparing two or more companies in order to get which emerges the best among them. The companies or individuals that do the same kind of work or business are best benchmarked. In benchmarking, also known as geodetic control points there need to be a process to follow in order to get the winner, what process the winner followed to get there.Benchmarking is a quality improvement initiative this encourages companies and organizations to improve their quality to avoid being the last. (Galdin, 2005) Conflict is the struggle between the incompatible or opposing needs, wishes or individuals. Benchmarking conflict management is trying to come up with the best method to solve the conflicts between the companies or individuals with the same goal or wish e. g. two companies wishing to buy th e same piece of land for expansion. Benchmarking Conflict approach Gadency bus services are a company operating from Manchester city to London city.It is a public transport company having a fleet of more than a hundred buses. It wanted top buy a piece of land to build a garage, it targeted a piece of land owned by Manchester city council. The conflict arises when the city council refuses to sell the land to the company. Conflict rose when the city authority declined to sell the piece of land to them. The company had to look for means to solve the conflict. In this situation the bus company is responsible for the city council actions. Conflict situations offered the company an opportunity to choose a style for responding to the conflict.The most effective conflict prevention and management is to choose the conflict management style appropriate for the conflict. The company chooses a compromising style to solve the conflict which was very important to them to satisfy their interests, the company compromised to split the difference between them and the city council. The company chooses to ask for lease which was granted for the council was not ready to sell the land. Gadency bus acquired the land for choosing the best method to solve the conflict. (Cavenagh, 1999)London breweries are a brewing company situated is western suburb of London city. It wanted top buy a piece of land to build a warehouse, it targeted a piece of land owned by London city authority. The conflict arises when the city authority refuses to sell the land to the company. Conflict rose when the city authority declined to sell the piece of land to them. The company had to look for means to solve the conflict. In this situation the bus company is responsible for the city authority actions. Conflict situations offered the company an opportunity to choose a style for responding to the conflict.The most effective conflict prevention and management is to choose the conflict management style appropria te for the conflict. The company chooses an accommodating style put their interests last and let the city authority have what they want. The brewing company believes that keeping a good friendship is more important than anything else. The city authority declined completely to sell the land to the company and the company moved on by the decision of the city authority’s decision and did not acquire the land. This was as a result of the conflict solving style used by the company. (Simons, 2002) ConclusionBenchmarking conflict management between the two companies would solve the conflict between them and also improve the quality of their services. By the setting of some standards by the city council has also encouraged the companies to choose appropriate style that is preferred in solving the dispute. Interaction of the Manchester city council and London city authority helped in improving the group behavior and avoiding completely spoiling of the inter-group relation and also hel ped in solidifying the groups. By each company applying different conflict solving style, this determines the result each company gets.