Johnson Johnson Global Business Environment Essays

Johnson Johnson Global Business Environment Essays Johnson Johnson Global Business Environment Paper Johnson Johnson Global Business Environment Paper A truly global corporation, Johnson Johnson has securely positioned itself to overcome the challenges its ever-changing business environment poses, as well as take advantage of the opportunities presented. With a focus primarily on Johnson Johnnys pharmaceutical segment, this paper seeks to explore the complex multinational environment within which the company operates as well as the opportunities and threats that the environment poses. Next, the paper will analyze Johnson Johnnys current positioning, describing its value-chain and competitive positioning. The paper will close by evaluating how Johnson Johnson both can seize these opportunities to realize the goals of the company. II. Analyzing the Environment In industries as competitive as pharmaceutical, medical devices and consumer goods, analyzing the environment is vital for being able to make sound strategic decisions. Since Johnson Johnson strives to anticipate the external factors that affect its international business environment, as well as adapt to those changes, it is important that it understands the environment in which it is operating. The two sets of external forces that face the company are competitive and contextual. A. Competitive Environments Five Forces Model Michael Porters five forces model provides a way of analyzing Johnson Johnnys competitive environment. Due to a lack of available information about the bargaining power of suppliers as it applies to Johnson Johnson, this paper will address the four other forces: the threat of new entrants, the threat of substitutes, the bargaining power of customers, and the rivalry among industry competitors. 1 . The Threat of New Entrants High Barriers to Entry The threat of new entrants is not of particular concern to Johnson Johnson. Barriers to entry, especially in the industries of pharmaceuticals and deiced devices, are extremely high if not unassailable. The worlds top pharmaceutical companies have extensive manufacturing capabilities, distribution systems, and economies of scale that have been built up over decades and would be virtually impossible for a new entrant to replicate. These top firms also have patents that protect their current products, as well as established research pipelines that ensure the continual development of new products. Also, they have strong brand names and large marketing budgets with which to defend them. Finally, the exceptionally high capital acquirement for founding a pharmaceutical company and the sharp retaliation that new entrants could expect from the established competitors render the threat of new entrants very low. The medical device industry has similarly high barriers to entry. While entering the consumer goods market is easier, relatively, the vast number of competitors makes this industry very competitive, thus a strong brand name is vital for standing out. As the worlds most respected company according to Barron Magazine, new entrants to the consumer goods market do not pose a threat to Johnson Johnson. 2. The Threat Of Substitutes The Rise Of Generics The threat of substitutes is much more problematic than that of new entrants, especially in the pharmaceutical segment. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requires that generic drugs be bougainvillea to their brand name counterparts, making them serious substitutes. Once a patent expires, generic manufacturers are quick to reverse-engineer the formerly proprietary drugs and sell generic versions at a fraction of the cost. Virtually all the top pharmaceutical companies, Johnson Johnson included, face an influx of upcoming patent expirations. The impending loss of sales when energetic versions of the drugs inevitably become available is a serious threat to the profitability of many players in the industry. For example, Residual, a drug for schizophrenia made by a subsidiary of Johnson Johnnys called Janssen-Cilia, was a significant source of profits, with sales that totaled $3. 5 billion in 2005 and surged 21% percent in the first quarter of 2006, to $1. 2 billion. However, when the patent for Residual expired in December of 2007 and became available in generic form in October of 2008, the companys revenue from pharmaceutical sales stagnated. In fact, in July of 2007, Johnson Johnson announced plans to eliminate up to 4,800 jobs, citing patent expirations as the main motivation to trim the workforce and thus save money. If the company does not prepare for the difficult transition between enjoying market exclusivity and losing that security as those patents expire, it will face more negative consequences. 3. The Bargaining Power of Buyers Influence of Generics In the pharmaceutical industry, buyers include patients, medical doctors who prescribe drugs, pharmacists, hospital boards, insurance companies, and other health authorities. The bargaining power of patients goes hand in hand tit the threat of substitutes. When drugs are patent-protected, pharmaceutical companies enjoy a monopoly where they can set prices to include high profit margins. Since there are few to no substitutes for their products during this time, customers have little choice but to pay these prices, especially if their lives depend on the drugs. However, once cheaper, generic versions of the drugs become available, buyers gain more power. Patients switching costs, an important element in determining the bargaining power of buyers, are fairly low, and price-sensitive buyers will likely switch to generic versions once available. Johnson Johnnys main tool in combating this problem is its strong brand name. Many customers have more trust in brand name products and are willing to pay extra for this perceived security. The other groups within buyers of pharmaceutical products, while fragmented, have more power than patients. Within the American healthcare system, insurance companies and health maintenance companies (Homos) have considerable bargaining power, as they decide which drugs to endorse and provide. Since they have an interest in lowering costs, they exert a strong downward pressure on drug prices, partly due to the threat of the availability f generics. European governments national healthcare systems have a similarly high level of power, if not higher due to strict price controls. Thus, pharmaceutical companies have a need to establish successful relationships with these groups and market towards them heavily. 4. The Degree of Rivalry Fierce and Changing Competition Competition in the pharmaceutical industry is intense and growing in intensity. While the numerous competitors remain fairly fragmented, mergers and acquisitions have increased rivalry, as the top firms areas of expertise began to overlap. Rivalry is especially intense in saturated markets, such as he pain reliever segment, in which Johnson Johnson competes with its products Ethylene and Motoring. In growing markets, innovation is a key driver of competition since pharmaceutical companies depend on blockbuster drugs for a large proportion of their revenue. With only one out of every 1 0,000 discovered drugs approved to be sold, stakes are high to find the cash cow drugs that recuperate the increasingly high costs of development. Since me too drugs are not as profitable, innovation drives the race to be first-to- market. While the main competitors in the pharmaceutical industry are incinerated in the United States, Europe, and Japan, an increasing number of players especially generic drug manufacturers are appearing in developing countries, such as China and India. These companies are driving the shift in the industry toward becoming more commoditized. Also, numerous biotech upstarts, which are smaller, more agile, and have lower overhead costs than their conglomerate competitors, are growing in power and taking market share. As the dynamics of the industry change, the established companies will find themselves facing stiff competition from all sides. B. Contextual Environment PEST Analysis A PEST (Political, Economic, Social, and Technological) analysis is a useful tool for understanding the larger environment within which the company operates. Companies can use this tool to identify a multitude of important aspects of their environments that may impact their businesses. . Political Environment Changing Politics and Policies First, the politics on local, regional, national, or international scales can exert strong forces on businesses. Since Johnson Johnson operates worldwide, it must keep track of the political developments that may affect its business. For example, in the Czech Republic, health care is the subject of a ajar p olitical debate. Changes in the healthcare system may affect to whom Johnson Johnson needs to market, and with whom it needs to negotiate if the company wants its products covered by the Czech healthcare system. Also, Johnson Johnson should be aware that the Czech Republic has a weak Parliament that will change in 201 gs elections. The company needs to anticipate which policies may shift under the new government. Finally, Johnson Johnson should be aware that the Czech Republic will serve as president of the Council of the European Union for the first six months of 2009. This is the best time for the Johnson Johnson branch located in the Czech Republic to lobby for any policy changes regarding the companys interests and the business environment. 2. Economic Environment The Crisis and the Euro The economic climate is also important for Johnson Johnson to analyze in order to predict when its business may face challenges, as well as when it can seize an opportunity for growth. Operating in the European Union and larger European community means that Johnson Johnson has felt the effects of the current economic crisis. Aware of the crisis, the company has en able to plan for its impact, and fortunately, the effects on Johnson Johnson have not been severe, as medical products remain necessities even in periods of economic downturn. In respect to the Johnson Johnson branch in the Czech Republic, the economic environment is one that quickly transitioned from a communist, planned economy to the free market. Though the Czech Republic has embraced free market principles since the fall of the Soviet Union, it is important that Johnson Johnson recognize that this change was relatively recent, and certain aspects of working in the Czech Republic may still be effected by this history. Finally, discussions surrounding the use of the Euro and the benefits and disadvantages of a common currency are debates that Joy moons Johnson should be aware of in this time period. While Slovakia adopted the Euro in January 2009, the Czech Republic has kept its own currency. A switch to the Euro in the Czech Republic could have a wide range of effects, some positive and some negative, and Johnson Johnson should understand the implications for its business if that change occurs in the Czech Republic. For example, adopting the Euro would make transactions with other countries ore convenient, and Johnson Johnson should be prepared for a possible increase in transactions or the speed in which transactions take place in order to take advantage of the opportunities this change could provide. It should also be ready for the numerous practical difficulties with tasks such as accounting that may occur with a change in currency. Keeping these economic scenarios in mind is the kind of forward-thinking that is crucial to Johnson Johnnys success. 3. Social Environment Aging Population and Public Health Problems There are two major social changes on the horizon that will both affect Johnson Johnson as well as provide tremendous opportunities. The first is the aging population. The gigantic baby boomer generation, consisting of those born between 1946 and 1964, has had a huge social and economic impact on the world since its birth. This trend will continue as the generation is beginning to enter old age. The influx of senior citizens will create huge demands throughout all realms of medical care. Johnson Johnson can expect to see increased sales across all three of its segments -? pharmaceuticals, medical devices and diagnostics, and consumer goods in he coming decades, and must plan production accordingly to be able to meet the needs of this huge generation as they enter their most medically- dependent years. Additionally, in order to cater to the aging population, Johnson Johnson is pioneering developments in preventative medicine as well as less invasive surgery techniques. Another major social change affecting Johnson Johnson is the phenomenon Of surging rates Of various health problems, especially in developed societies but spreading worldwide, from obesity and diabetes to cancer and mental disorders. Though highly problematic for society, companies in medicine- elated industries such as Johnson Johnson are finding themselves with an increasing number of people to treat and cure. As a company that invests heavily in research and development, Johnson Johnson has the opportunity to lead the way in finding ways to address these serious public health issues. 4. Technological Environment -? Promising Nevus Fields As many pharmaceutical drug markets become saturated and the blockbuster drug strategy becomes obsolete due to the major changes occurring in the industry, innovation and breakthrough medical technologies are essential for finding blue oceans in which to compete. Predictive declined, which entails predicting diseases based on genetics and preventing them, and personalized medicine, which involves managing a patients health based on his or her individual characteristics as opposed to following the more traditional standards of care model, are growing fields into which Johnson Johnson can expand. The companys strong emphasis on research and development and its leadership in the medical devices and diagnostics segment put it in an excellent position to become a frontrunners in making new discoveries in these promising new technological fields. C. Determining Threats and Opportunities 1 . Threats -? The Uneducated Consumer and Mergers and Acquisitions One of the biggest threats facing a company like Johnson Johnson is the uneducated consumer. Especially within the consumer products and pharmaceuticals markets, with the increasing availability and lower cost of generic products, a key component of continued competitiveness is the discerning consumer who has preferences when it comes to treatment options. Johnson Johnson must continually work hard to make sure that people are aware of its products and the quality that it ensures through effective branding and promotional practices, as well as consumer education. Patent expirations are also a constant concern for Johnson Johnson as proprietary information is an integral part of sustained revenue streams. Mergers and acquisitions (MAs) present both potential opportunities and threats for Johnson Johnson. The company has pursued MAs that have served to expand the companys resources and help penetrate new and diverse markets. For example, Johnson Johnson recently acquired Mentor Corporation in order to expand its operations in to the aesthetic and reconstructive medicine market. Also, an important new medical product called the Fibrin pad was developed with the cooperation of three Johnson Johnson-owned subsidiaries. These are just a couple examples of how Johnson Johnson is able to both grow and innovate through M. On the other hand, M between other companies in the healthcare industry have the potential to upset Johnson s value chain and competitive advantages. Johnson Johnson must pay close attention to the actions of rival companies in order to maintain its market-leader positions and barriers to entry against competitors. 2. Opportunities -? Research, Synergies, Emerging Markets, and the Aging Population Johnson Johnnys greatest opportunity is found in its heavy investment in research and development. This is especially important for its medical devices and diagnostics and pharmaceutical divisions. It is necessary for the company to be on the leading technological edge when it comes to medical devices to ensure that it can offer the most accurate and up-to-date machines available. As for the pharmaceutical sector, patent expiration and generic drugs demand constant innovation and addition to Johnson Johnnys pipeline of products for sustained success. Strong pipelines in its pharmaceutical and medical devices sectors are a major source of confidence n the companys long-term success. With eight new late-stage compounds in the pharmaceutical sector and the introduction Of several new products to new markets in the medical devices sector, Johnson Johnson seems to be advancing its pipeline quite progressively. It also strives to be a consistently innovative company, and around 40% of its current products have been developed within the last 3-4 years. In 2008, Johnson spent $7. 6 billion on research and development. The reinvestment of of sales in to R, versus the industry average of 3%, demonstrates a source of competitive advantage for the company. Synergies between product branches are yet another source of opportunities for Johnson Johnson. Through the well-coordinated efforts of its pharmaceutical and consumer products divisions, Johnson Johnson was able to make the formerly prescribed drug Cortez available as an over-the- counter drug, which came to be the companys most successful product launch in 2008. This is yet another example of how the company is able to pool its resources in order to find ways to fulfill both the needs of both its customers and stakeholders. Other opportunities for Johnson Johnson are present in emerging arrests such as Brazil, Russia, India and China.

The Modern Chinese Wedding Ceremony and Banquet

The Modern Chinese Wedding Ceremony and Banquet In modern China, the official marriage ceremony is  now substantially different than it was in traditional Chinese custom, where most marriages were arranged according to a social arrangement and were heavily influenced by the philosophy and practices of Confucianism- at least for the majority of Han Chinese. Other ethnic groups traditionally had different customs. These traditional customs were a carry-over from feudal times in China but were changed by two different reforms after the Communist revolution.  Thus, the official act of marriage in modern China is a secular ceremony, not a religious one. However, there remain strong traditional customs in place in many parts of China.   The first reform came with the 1950 marriage law, the first official marriage document for the Peoples Republic of China, in which the feudal nature of traditional marriage was officially eliminated. Another reform came in 1980, at which time individuals were allowed to select their own marriage partners. In an effort to control population numbers, Chinese law today requires men to be at least 22 years of age and women 20 years of age before they can legally marry. It should be noted that while official policy outlaws all the feudal customs, in practice of arranging marriage does persist in many families. Chinese law does not recognize yet recognize same-sex marriage rights. Since 1984 homosexuality is no longer considered a crime, but there is still substantial social disapproval of same-sex relationships. Modern Chinese Wedding Ceremonies Although the official modern Chinese wedding ceremony usually takes place in a city hall office presided over by a government official, the genuine celebration generally occurs later at a private wedding banquet reception that is usually hosted and paid for by the grooms family.  Religious Chinese may also opt to exchange vows at a religious ceremony, but either way, it is at the later banquet reception that the larger celebration occurs, attended by friends and extended family.   The Chinese Wedding Banquet The wedding banquet is a lavish affair lasting two or more hours. Invited guests sign their names in a wedding book or on a large scroll and present their red envelopes to attendants at the entrance of the wedding hall. The envelope is opened and the money is counted while the guest looks on. The guests’ names and amounts of money given are recorded so that the bride and groom know how much each guest gave toward the wedding. This record is helpful for when the couple later attends this guests own wedding- they are expected to offer a gift of more money than they themselves received.   After presenting the red envelope, guests are ushered into a large banquet hall. Guests are sometimes assigned seats but are sometimes welcome to sit where they choose.  Once all the guests have arrived, the wedding party begins. Nearly all Chinese banquets feature an emcee or master of ceremonies who announces the arrival of the bride and groom. The couple’s entrance marks the beginning of the wedding celebration. After one member of the  couple, usually the groom gives a short welcome speech, guests are served the first of nine meal courses. Throughout the meal, the bride and groom enter and re-enter the banquet hall, each time wearing different clothing outfits. While the guests eat, the bride and groom are typically busy changing their clothes and attending to their guests’ needs. The couple typically re-enters the dining hall after the third and sixth courses. Toward the end of the meal but before dessert is served, the bride and groom toast the guests. The groom’s best friend may also offer up a toast. The bride and groom make their way to each table where the guests stand and simultaneously toast the happy couple. Once the bride and groom have visited each table, they exit the hall while dessert is served. Once dessert is served, the wedding celebration  promptly ends. Before leaving, guests line up to greet the bride and groom and their families standing outside the hall in a receiving line. Each guest has a photo taken with the couple and may be offered sweets by the bride. Post-Wedding Rituals After the wedding banquet, close friends and relatives go to the bridal chamber and play tricks on the newlyweds as a way to extend good wishes. The couple then shares a glass of wine and teach traditionally cuts off a lock of hair to symbolize that they are now of one heart. Three, seven or nine days after the wedding, the bride returns to her maiden home to visit her family. Some couples opt to go on a honeymoon vacation as well. There are also customs regarding the birth of the first child.

Summary Report Assignment - The World is Flat Essay

Summary Report Assignment - The World is Flat - Essay Example instead embrace these changes as a means of further specializing the work force and using these elements of a flat world to the competitive advantage of the skilled worker in the United States; to the same degree and extent to which skilled workers elsewhere throughout the globe are using the talents and skill sets of laborers elsewhere to promote industry and development. A further focus is placed upon seeking to make retirement benefits and insurance less dependent upon the actual employer and more dependent upon the government. This prescription is rather strange as Friedman can otherwise be understood as a laissez faire economist; however, this particular approach is one that allows the reader to come to the understanding that even though the economic principles that he supports and promotes are fiscally conservative, there is a strain of economic liberalism in his approach. This of course makes his view more balanced and palatable to those that might otherwise by put off by his more hands off approach to global

Cyber Crime as opposed to Cyber warfare Research Paper

Cyber Crime as opposed to Cyber warfare - Research Paper Example For instance, the main aim is to access implicit information and to destroy existing data warehouses and governmental networks to bring economic, technical and social losses to rival nations. Problem Statement Although systems and software developing IT organisations (such as Microsoft, Apple, IBM) have been striving to deal with the rising menace of cyber crime, there is dire need to develop strong anti-virus software's to ensure information security. Nevertheless, cyber crimes (specifically viruses) do not only threaten security of software components, but also they may sabotage hardware resources, especially computer hard disks. In addition, the cyber warfare may disrupt a nation’s strategic functioning as it could damage mainframe and super computer systems used for keeping military and government records. Significance of the Problem The issue of cyber crimes is not concerted to boundaries rather it could affect any end-user residing in any geographical region. The hackers do not target users in any specific area (or from any ethnicity, religion, cast, colour or language) but they may batter (virtually) any person for unidentified reasons. Still, the world has been seeking appropriate solutions that could help improve their security in cyberspace. The researcher would like to argue that the probability that many nations worldwide may have Cyber Wars in future will increase, as more countries will enter cyberspace and send satellites in the orbit. Aims and Objectives The major aim of this research paper is to analyse the growing menace of cyber crimes from cyber terrorists and identify the weaknesses that should be overcome to avert cyber crimes. The objectives are as under: 1) To... Although systems and software developing IT organizations have been striving to deal with the rising menace of cyber crime, there is dire need to develop strong anti-virus software's to ensure information security. Nevertheless, cyber crimes (specifical viruses) do not only threaten the security of software components but also they may sabotage hardware resources, especially computer hard disks. In addition, the cyber warfare may disrupt a nation’s strategic functioning as it could damage mainframe and super computer systems used for keeping military and government records.The issue of cyber crimes is not converted to boundaries rather it could affect any end-user residing in any geographical region. The hackers do not target users in any specific area (or from any ethnicity, religion, caste, color or language ) but they may batter (virtually) any person for unidentified reasons. Still, the world has been seeking appropriate solutions that could help improve their security in cyberspace. The researcher would like to argue that the probability that many nations worldwide may have Cyber Wars in future will increase, as more countries will enter cyberspace and send satellites into the orbit. The major aim of this research paper is to analyze the growing menace of cyber crimes from cyber terrorists and identify the weaknesses that should be overcome to avert cyber crimes. Cyber warfare may sabotage diplomatic relationships between or among nations as well as has potential to indulge nations in physical war (end result) in near future.

Complete Course Material Essay Example for Free

Complete Course Material Essay MGT 426 Complete Course Material MGT 426 Week 1 DQ 1 Why is change necessary? What about change is disruptive? How can meeting the challenge of change become organizational opportunities? MGT 426 Week 1 DQ 2 Change: what is in it for me? What is the cycle of change? What are some examples of continuous change? What are some examples of discontinuous change? What are some differences between continuous and discontinuous change? MGT 426 Week 1 Individual Assignment Article Review MGT 426 Week 2 DQ 1 What is organizational culture? What is the relationship between shared vision and organizational culture? How does organizational culture affect an organization’s ability to cope with change? MGT 426 Week 2 DQ 2 How does modeling a change process facilitate change? What are the strengths and weaknesses of the three change models? What are some applications of the three change models? MGT 426 Week 2 Individual Assignment Roles of Managers and Individuals Paper MGT 426 Week 2 Learning Team Assignment Managing Change Paper Part I MGT 426 Week 3 DQ 1 Why is it important to do a gap analysis? How do you apply gap analysis to the change models? Give an example of when you may use a gap analysis. MGT 426 Week 3 DQ 2 What are the steps in implementing change? What should you consider when selecting a change implementation model? Explain. MGT 426 Week 3 Individual Assignment Resistance to Change Paper MGT 426 Week 3 Learning Team Assignment Managing Change Paper and Presentation Part II MGT 426 Week 4 DQ 1 How do you measure the progress of change? How do you know change has been institutionalized? How do you determine what changes have occurred? MGT 426 Week 4 DQ 2 What organizational systems are impacted by the cycle of change? Explain. What systems are not as easily impacted by change? Why or why not? MGT 426 Week 4 Individual Assignment Ethics During Change paper MGT 426 Week 4 Learning Team Assignment Managing Change Paper Part III MGT 426 Week 5 DQ 1 What characteristics of a learning organization do you see in your organization? What can your organization do to transform into a learning organization? MGT 426 Week 5 DQ 2 How closely does your organization follow Senge’s five disciplines? Is this useful? Why or why not? MGT 426 Week 5 Individual Assignment Learning Organization Paper MGT 426 Week 5 Learning Team Assignment Managing Change Paper and Presentation Part IV

Othello †the Universal Appeal Essay -- Othello essays

Othello – the Universal Appeal  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   For 400 years the audience has found William Shakespeare’s tragedy Othello to be relevant to their lives and tastes. Why? What enduring qualities does the play possess in order to ensure its continuing success?    Does the reason lie in the great heterogeneity of characters and scenes and actions within the play?   Robert B. Heilman in â€Å"The Role We Give Shakespeare† relates the universality of Shakespeare to the â€Å"innumerableness of the parts†:    But the Shakespeare completeness appears graspable and possessable to many men at odds with each other, because of the innumerableness of the parts: these parts we may consider incompletenesses, partial perspectives, and as such they correspond to the imperfect (but not necessarily invalid) modes of seeing and understanding practiced by imperfect (but not necessarily wrongheaded) interpreters and theorists of different camps. Each interpreter sees some part of the whole that does, we may say, mirror him, and he then proceeds to enlarge the mirror until it becomes the work as a whole (10).    Indeed, the reader finds a wide variety of â€Å"parts† from beginning to end of Othello. This is seen in the fact of about 20 characters with speaking roles; and in their variety of   occupations from duke to clown; and in the numerous scene changes; and in the differentiation in speech, actions, manners between every single individual character.    Is characterization another cause of the dramatist’s broad popularity? Harry Levin in the General Introduction to The Riverside Shakespeare finds other reasons for his appeal:      Universal as his attraction has been, it is best understood through particulars. Though – to our advan... ... Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from Shakespeare: The Pattern in His Carpet. N.p.: n.p., 1970.    Frye, Northrop. â€Å"Nature and Nothing.† Essays on Shakespeare. Ed. Gerald Chapman. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1965.    Heilman, Robert B. â€Å"The Role We Give Shakespeare.† Essays on Shakespeare. Ed. Gerald Chapman. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1965.    Levin, Harry. General Introduction. The Riverside Shakespeare. Ed. G. Blakemore Evans. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1974.    Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http://www.eiu.edu/~multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos.    Wilkie, Brian and James Hurt. â€Å"Shakespeare.† Literature of the Western World. Ed. Brian Wilkie and James Hurt. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., 1992.       Othello – the Universal Appeal Essay -- Othello essays Othello – the Universal Appeal  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   For 400 years the audience has found William Shakespeare’s tragedy Othello to be relevant to their lives and tastes. Why? What enduring qualities does the play possess in order to ensure its continuing success?    Does the reason lie in the great heterogeneity of characters and scenes and actions within the play?   Robert B. Heilman in â€Å"The Role We Give Shakespeare† relates the universality of Shakespeare to the â€Å"innumerableness of the parts†:    But the Shakespeare completeness appears graspable and possessable to many men at odds with each other, because of the innumerableness of the parts: these parts we may consider incompletenesses, partial perspectives, and as such they correspond to the imperfect (but not necessarily invalid) modes of seeing and understanding practiced by imperfect (but not necessarily wrongheaded) interpreters and theorists of different camps. Each interpreter sees some part of the whole that does, we may say, mirror him, and he then proceeds to enlarge the mirror until it becomes the work as a whole (10).    Indeed, the reader finds a wide variety of â€Å"parts† from beginning to end of Othello. This is seen in the fact of about 20 characters with speaking roles; and in their variety of   occupations from duke to clown; and in the numerous scene changes; and in the differentiation in speech, actions, manners between every single individual character.    Is characterization another cause of the dramatist’s broad popularity? Harry Levin in the General Introduction to The Riverside Shakespeare finds other reasons for his appeal:      Universal as his attraction has been, it is best understood through particulars. Though – to our advan... ... Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from Shakespeare: The Pattern in His Carpet. N.p.: n.p., 1970.    Frye, Northrop. â€Å"Nature and Nothing.† Essays on Shakespeare. Ed. Gerald Chapman. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1965.    Heilman, Robert B. â€Å"The Role We Give Shakespeare.† Essays on Shakespeare. Ed. Gerald Chapman. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1965.    Levin, Harry. General Introduction. The Riverside Shakespeare. Ed. G. Blakemore Evans. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1974.    Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http://www.eiu.edu/~multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos.    Wilkie, Brian and James Hurt. â€Å"Shakespeare.† Literature of the Western World. Ed. Brian Wilkie and James Hurt. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., 1992.      

Novel Prize on Economics in 2009

TOPIC: Novel Prize on Economics In 2009 Abstract: This year's Nobel Prize in economics goes to Elinor Ostrom and Oliver E. Williamson. Elinor Ostrom received the prize for her analysis of economic governance, especially the commons while Oliver E. Williamson received the prize for his contributions to the economic governance, emphasizing the boundaries of the firm and its role in conflict resolution and case bargaining. Michael Spence, the 2001 Nobel prize winner, briefly summarized the main contributions of Elinor Ostrom and Oliver E.Williamson to the economic theory. Many economist and critics has given their speech about the novel prize award of this year. Some of them criticize the novel committee for giving the prize of these two persons while others congratulate the prize winners as well as the novel committee. Most of the people think Novel prize received by the right person for their great contribution on economics. Introduction: The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Scienc es in Memory of Alfred Nobel was established in 1968.Technically, there is no ‘Nobel’ prize in Economics; on the website of Nobel foundation, amongst Nobel Prize in Physics, Chemistry, Medicine, Literature and the Nobel Peace Prize, later ‘Prize in Economics’ commenced since 1969. After that this prise has been given regularly. 41 Prizes in Economic Sciences have been awarded every year since 1969. 22 Prizes in Economic Sciences have been given to one Laureate only. 15 Prizes in Economic Sciences have been shared by two Laureates. 4 Prizes in Economic Sciences have been shared between three Laureates. Nobel Prize in economics gets Elinor Ostrom and Oliver E.Williamson jointly in this year. Elinor Ostrom received the prize for her analysis of economic governance, especially the commons while Oliver E. Williamson received the prize for his contributions to the economic governance, emphasizing the boundaries of the firm and its role in conflict resolution and case bargaining. Objectives of the study: We are very interested about the novel prize that has been given on economics. Economics is one of the important issues for any country all over the world. As we are the student of business faculty we have to achieve vast knowledge on economics.A countries development basically depends on the prosperous economy. Moreover, we want to know about how economist of one country’s places their contribution in the development of the economy of the country. We also want to know how economist get novel prize on the economics. What contribution helps them to get the novel prize? After all as we are the students of business faculty we want to learn more about the economics. The main objective of the study is to know for what kinds of activities Elinor Ostrom and Oliver E. Williamson get the novel prize in the year 2009.Novel Prize on Economics In 2009 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, commonl y referred to as the Nobel Prize in Economics is an award for outstanding contributions to the science of economics and is generally considered one of the most prestigious awards for that science. The official name is the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel. It is not actually one of the Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel during 1895, but is commonly identified with them.The Prize in Economics, as it is referred to by the Nobel Foundation, was established and endowed by Sveriges Riksbank, Sweden's central bank, during 1968 on the Bank's 300th anniversary, in memory of Alfred Nobel's 1895 will. Like the Nobel Laureates in Chemistry and Physics, Laureates in Economics are selected by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences It was first awarded during 1969 to the Dutch and Norwegian economists Jan Tinbergen and Ragnar Frisch, â€Å"for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes. † Funding of the PrizeAn endowment â€Å"in perpetuity† from Sveriges Riksbank pays the Nobel Foundation's administrative expenses associated with the prize and funds the monetary component of the award Since 2001, the monetary portion of the Prize in Economics has been 10  million Swedish kronor , equivalent to the amount given for the Nobel Prizes Since 2006, Sveriges Riksbank has given the Nobel Foundation an annual grant of 6. 5 million Swedish kronor. Relation to the Nobel Prize The nomination process, selection criteria, and awards presentation of the Prize in Economic Sciences are performed in a manner similar to that of the Nobel Prizes.The Prize is awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences â€Å"in accordance with the rules governing the award of the Nobel Prizes instituted through his [Alfred Nobel's] will†, which stipulates that the prize is awarded annually to â€Å"those who †¦ shall have conferred the greatest benefit on mankind†. The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel is the only non-Nobel prize that has ever been associated officially with the Nobel Foundation. The next time a similar offer was made — an offer by Jakob von Uexkull, who subsequently established the Right Livelihood Award — the offer was declined.Award nomination and selection process: Announcement of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences 2008 According to its official website, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences â€Å"administers a researcher exchange with academies in other countries and publishes six scientific journals. Every year the Academy awards the Nobel Prizes in Physics and Chemistry, the Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, the Crafoord Prize and a number of other large prizes†.Each September the Academy's Economics Prize Committee, which consists of five elected members, â€Å"sends invitations to thousands of scientists, members of academies a nd university professors in numerous countries, asking them to nominate candidates for the Prize in Economics for the coming year. Members of the Academy and former laureates are also authorised to nominate candidates. † All proposals and their supporting evidence must be received before February 1. The proposals are reviewed by the Prize Committee and specially appointed experts. Before the end of September, the committee chooses potential laureates.If there is a tie, the chairman of the committee casts the deciding vote. Next, the potential laureates must be approved by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Members of the Ninth Class (the social sciences division) of the Academy vote in mid-October to determine the next laureate or laureates of the Prize in Economics. As with the Nobel Prizes, no more than three people can share the prize for a given year; they must still be living at the time of the Prize announcement in October; and information about Prize nominations can not be disclosed publicly for 50 years.With the Nobel Laureates in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, and Literature, each Laureate in Economics receives a diploma, gold medal, and monetary grant award document from the King of Sweden at the annual Nobel Prize Award Ceremony in Stockholm, on December 10—the anniversary of Nobel's death The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2009: The winners of the novel prize in 2009: | | Elinor Ostrom| Oliver E. Williamson| Elinor Ostrom: She got the novel prize for her analysis of economic governance, especially the commons.Her work is much more in the realm of economics than I believe you give her credit for, regardless of whether economists have heard of her. She did work in the allocation of resources and how economic institutions and situations are formed. Her work is incredibly important in study. Understanding that The majority of economists just postulate the existence of economic institu tions and the matters of economic decision making and then study the behavior – without ever questioning where the institutions and units that permitted that behavior ever came from.Her work is helpful in explaining that because she gets away solely from the economic perspective and looks at it from what circumstances and how we as humans function allows us to set up those institutions. Anyone who has read Dr. Ostrom’s work knows that her research is (1) heavily informed by the micro theory work done on the themes that she studies, and (2) she pays a lot of attention to the details that define the interactions between the individuals under Those are, of course, two characteristics inherent in the best applied economics research done anywhere in the world (political science departments included).Her work is carefully crafted, pragmatic in the sense of not being driven by fixed ideas about how the world works, sophisticated (in a game theoretic sense) and most importantl y, very insightful in illuminating the issues she studies. Oliver E. Williamson: He got the novel prize for his analysis of economic governance, especially the boundaries of the firm. His research was viewed as a hip, iconoclastic contribution to economics — something that was talked about by economist. What’s interesting is that in the ensuing 15 years, it seems that economists have talked less and less about Williamson’s research.It is also seemed that most assistant professors of economics have barely heard of him. Yet it is thought that the older generation of economists will applaud this choice. However most of the economics thinks that he was the appropriate person to get this prize. The Prize Amount The list below shows the Prize amount in Swedish kronor (SEK) through the years. The Prize amount for 2009 is set at Swedish kronor (SEK) 10 million per full Prize. YEAR| | PRISE AMOUNT | 2001|   | 10,000,000 | | 2002|   | 10,000,000 | | 2003|   | 10,000 ,000 | | 2004|   | 10,000,000 | | 2005|   | 10,000,000 | | 2006|   | 10,000,000 | | 007|   | 10,000,000 | | 2008|   | 10,000,000 | | 2009|   | 10,000,000| Nobel Prize for Economics 2009  Predictions: * MARK L. GERTLER Henry and Lucy Moses Professor of Economics, New York University, New York, NY, USA †¢ 2007-2008 Guggenheim Fellow and 2008 First Prize Award for Best Paper presented at the NBER’S International Seminar on Macroeconomics during its first 25 years Here are my comments for each of the fields. Behavioral Economics- I have read a bit of all the above except  Ernst Fehr. The Prize was given in 2002 for behavioral economics and I think giving another one in 2009 will be too early.And not having Thaler in the list for behavioral economics would be like awarding another award for International Trade without having Bhagwati on the list or  an award for environmental economics without having Nordhaus on the list. Moreover Rabin is just about 46 nowà ‚  and as per Nobel Prize winners’ age is too young for the award. But yes  whenever behavioral economics is awarded next, Rabin would be a strong contender. Environmental Economics- I have read very little about these two guys and environment economics in general. I have to read a lot more on this to comment anything.But yes see some recognition of the importance of the field soon. Till the committee does not award the field, it will always be in the prediction list. Monetary Economics- I have read quite a bit of John Taylor and if monetary economics is recognized, he would most likely get the award. His work on getting rules into monetary policy framework is quite a revolution. There are strong critiques of John Taylor but this is the case with much of economics. Gertler has written quite a few papers with Bernanke and is a leading proponent with Jordi Gali (see this) on New Keynesian Theory and DSGE Models.Given the current criticism on these models, I don’t think they will be awarded this time. So let’s wait for 12 October†¦. Ashok Chatterjee Says: September 11, 2009 at 5:40 pm Prof. Jagdish Bhagwati’scandidature for receiving this year’s Nobel Prize is not only overdue, but also it will be a fitting tribute to an economist whose contribution to the promotion of Globalization in Macroeconomics is unparalleled and unsurpassed. It would be a great pity if the Nobel Committee gets bogged down in an endless argument in stead of seeing the obvious giant among the great talents in Ecnomics Teddy Chabot Says:September 14, 2009 at 7:12 am I wouldn’t be surprised to see Jean Tirole win (with perhaps a few other folks given the committee’s recent track record) for his contributions to applied game theory in general and industrial organization in particular. The ’80s saw a veritable explosion in work in IO associated with game theory. In the last 10-15 years, we’ve seen a number of Nobels for game theory contributions, some of which involved more or less applied work. But we have yet to see anyone win for the massive insights that game theory provided to our understanding of competition among firms.Tirole is the most obvious candidate to be rewarded for those advances. YangC Says: September 14, 2009 at 11:57 am In the past couple of years, Hyperwage Theory has become controversial since it came out in 2005, because it has a specific solution to reducing poverty in the Third World countries. The only problem — the solution is one that is the opposite conventional wisdom. A few economics teachers are now giving the theory as basis for critiques. (I am a math major so I do not know one economic theory from the other, but the portion i’ve read makes sense to me. I think the Nobel should consider Hyperwage Theory at least. Ralph Byrns Says: October 9, 2009 at 5:39 pm Fehr, Rabin, and Thaler all deserve serious consideration. Their varied contributions in behavioral e conomics force us to rethink what economics has been (the study of decisionmaking and its consequences) versus economics as more narrowly focused on rational decisionmaking. If economics is defined, per the views of some scholars, as focused only on raional decisionmaking, then we are doomed to irrelevance in a world that is increasigly in need of multidisciplinary research. David Says: October 11, 2009 at 12:17 amIt is only a wishful thought, but I would be very happy if Tom Sargent wins the prize. Not only a great academic, but also a great person and teacher. Thanks. What This Year’s Nobel Prize in Economics Says about the Nobel Prize in Economics: By STEVEN D. LEVITT Earlier today, Elinor Ostrom and Oliver Williamson were awarded the Nobel Prize in economics for their work on the role of institutions. Congratulations to both of them! When I was a graduate student at MIT back in the early 1990’s, there was a Nobel Prize betting pool every year. Three years in a row, Oliver Williamson was my choice.At the time, his research was viewed as a hip, iconoclastic contribution to economics — something that was talked about by economists, but those students was not actually trying to emulate (and probably would have been actively discouraged from had they tried to do so). What’s interesting is that in the ensuing 15 years, it seems to me that economists have talked less and less about Williamson’s research, at least in the circles in which I run. I suspect most assistant professors of economics have barely heard of him. Yet I suspect the older generation of economists will applaud this choice.The reaction of the economics community to Elinor Ostrom’s prize will likely be quite different. The reason? If you had done a poll of academic economists yesterday and asked who Elinor Ostrom was, or what she worked on, I doubt that more than one in five economists could have given you an answer. I personally would have failed the test . I had to look her up on Wikipedia, and even after reading the entry, I have no recollection of ever seeing or hearing her name mentioned by an economist. She is a political scientist, both by training and her career — one of the most decorated political scientists around.So the fact I have never heard of her reflects badly on me, and it also highlights just how substantial the boundaries between social science disciplines remain. So the short answer is that the economics profession is going to hate the prize going to Ostrom even more than Republicans hated the Peace prize going to Obama. Economists want this to be an economists’ prize (after all, economists are self-interested). This award demonstrates, in a way that no previous prize has, that the prize is moving toward a Nobel in Social Science, not a Nobel in economics. According to Eric A:Elinor Ostorm’s work is much more in the realm of economics than I believe you give her credit for, regardless of wheth er economists have heard of her. She did work in the allocation of resources and how economic institutions and situations are formed. Her work is incredibly important in understanding that. The majority of economists just postulate the existence of economic institutions and the matters of economic decision making and then study the behavior – without ever questioning where the institutions and units that permitted that behavior ever came from.Her work is helpful in explaining that because she gets away solely from the economic perspective and looks at it from what circumstances and how we as humans function allows us to set up those institutions. It’s a failure of economists to not recognize some of the implications for her work; not the failure of the Nobel committee for honoring her insights into â€Å"New Institutional Economics. † Also, take a look at yourself. You’ve won a Clark medal and most of your work could easily be classified as sociology.If y ou had a degree in sociology and did the same work, you could make the same case that the Clark medal is becoming a prize for â€Å"social sciences†; but because your degree is in economics it’s without notice. I’m curious though, were economists upset by the prize being awarded to Thomas Schelling whose most impressive work is arguably just political science with insights from economics and game theory? Or because he’s an economist by training and manner that his prize is still considered an â€Å"economics prize†?Perhaps the award will act as a wakeup call to economists – just because it’s not called â€Å"economics† doesn’t mean it’s not applicable to your field. The natural sciences figured this out decades ago when the fields started to converge upon one another (see: the line between areas like physical chemistry and physics) – perhaps economist needs to start looking at the advantageous of political science research when it is clearly applicable to their area of study, rather than just ignoring it.One of the reasons the natural sciences have seen an explosion in information and advancement in the 20th century is because of the breaking down of barriers between fields and using insights of other areas in a synthesis – economics should do the same where applicable in fields of political science, sociology, and psychology. According to Sebastian The people who feel the need to comment on Obama here should be ashamed: This is an amazing day for two highly original, fascinating scientists. Why can’t you talk about their work or shut up? And the Obama Nobel jokes were old on Saturday, already). I actually don’t think that economists are going to hate this quite as much as Levitt thinks. I think Krugman is right that this is a price for institutional economics and I think many people can relate to that, especially as it’s also timely – institutional economics is very good in addressing regulation – be it of CO2 emissions or of the financial system. Certainly no begrudging from Alex Tabarok at MR, Krugman on his Blog and Michael Spence at Forbes. Too bad you don’t say a little more of their work.Readers who want to learn something should go to MR, which has two fantastic short posts. CONCLUSION: In this year Nobel Prize in economics 2009 gets Elinor Ostrom and Oliver E. Williamson jointly in this year. For her analysis of economic governance Elinor Ostorm gets the prize, especially the commons and Oliver E. Williamson received the prize for his contributions to the economic governance, emphasizing the boundaries of the firm and its role in conflict resolution and case bargaining. Many economist and critics has given their speech about the novel prize award of this year.Some of them criticize the novel committee for giving the prize of these two persons while others congratulate the prize winners as well as the nove l committee. Different people have different viewpoint but we think that Elinor Ostorm and Oliver E Williamson won the prize for their great contribution on the economic field. In the time of economic recession they analyzed economics governance and find out what are the reasons behind the economic recession. So we think that they received their prize for their great contribution in economics. References: Newspaper Magazine Articles on Novel prize in 2009 and Internet

Benchmarking conflict management

Benchmarking is a process of determining what is best, may it be a company, organization, business or individual. This is done by setting standards and who attains the set standards. Benchmarking is done by comparing two or more companies in order to get which emerges the best among them. The companies or individuals that do the same kind of work or business are best benchmarked. In benchmarking, also known as geodetic control points there need to be a process to follow in order to get the winner, what process the winner followed to get there.Benchmarking is a quality improvement initiative this encourages companies and organizations to improve their quality to avoid being the last. (Galdin, 2005) Conflict is the struggle between the incompatible or opposing needs, wishes or individuals. Benchmarking conflict management is trying to come up with the best method to solve the conflicts between the companies or individuals with the same goal or wish e. g. two companies wishing to buy th e same piece of land for expansion. Benchmarking Conflict approach Gadency bus services are a company operating from Manchester city to London city.It is a public transport company having a fleet of more than a hundred buses. It wanted top buy a piece of land to build a garage, it targeted a piece of land owned by Manchester city council. The conflict arises when the city council refuses to sell the land to the company. Conflict rose when the city authority declined to sell the piece of land to them. The company had to look for means to solve the conflict. In this situation the bus company is responsible for the city council actions. Conflict situations offered the company an opportunity to choose a style for responding to the conflict.The most effective conflict prevention and management is to choose the conflict management style appropriate for the conflict. The company chooses a compromising style to solve the conflict which was very important to them to satisfy their interests, the company compromised to split the difference between them and the city council. The company chooses to ask for lease which was granted for the council was not ready to sell the land. Gadency bus acquired the land for choosing the best method to solve the conflict. (Cavenagh, 1999)London breweries are a brewing company situated is western suburb of London city. It wanted top buy a piece of land to build a warehouse, it targeted a piece of land owned by London city authority. The conflict arises when the city authority refuses to sell the land to the company. Conflict rose when the city authority declined to sell the piece of land to them. The company had to look for means to solve the conflict. In this situation the bus company is responsible for the city authority actions. Conflict situations offered the company an opportunity to choose a style for responding to the conflict.The most effective conflict prevention and management is to choose the conflict management style appropria te for the conflict. The company chooses an accommodating style put their interests last and let the city authority have what they want. The brewing company believes that keeping a good friendship is more important than anything else. The city authority declined completely to sell the land to the company and the company moved on by the decision of the city authority’s decision and did not acquire the land. This was as a result of the conflict solving style used by the company. (Simons, 2002) ConclusionBenchmarking conflict management between the two companies would solve the conflict between them and also improve the quality of their services. By the setting of some standards by the city council has also encouraged the companies to choose appropriate style that is preferred in solving the dispute. Interaction of the Manchester city council and London city authority helped in improving the group behavior and avoiding completely spoiling of the inter-group relation and also hel ped in solidifying the groups. By each company applying different conflict solving style, this determines the result each company gets.

Chapter Nine Summary essays

Chapter Nine Summary essays In this section of the book, Paul finally understands what the war is about and why he is there. But he learned this grim reality after a traumatizing event. He begins to see the devastation and agony the war brings accompanied with its empty heart. After being reassigned to a flank that is brought in whenever the battle plans go wrong, Paul prepares for battle. But he is reassured knowing his faithful comrades, Kat and Albert, are at his side. But Kat and Albert cant assist him with his mind struggle for the company of his mother. While conversing with Kat and Albert, Pauls hunger can be contained no longer and he pulls out his mothers potato-cakes. Paul pauses for a minute and pictures his mother in front of a hot stove with a broken heart. Pauls thought of this brings him to tears, but he must push this to the depths of his heart in preparation for the arrival of the Kaiser. The soldiers spirits are lifted after being handed new equipment that shunned their old ones. Paul and his comrades begin to converse of the war and the Kaisers arrival which erupts into a debate of who is the enemy and who is the good guy. They regard that both sides are defending their homes and their fatherland so it stands to reason of who is committing wrong doing. This debate then strikes up an argument of how the war could have been avoided, but Tjaden clears the air with the view that the war will bear peace for future generations. Following the inspection of camp by the Kaiser, the soldiers become enraged after finding out that the new equipment was only a front for the Kaisers inspection. Paul feels safety after hearing he and his flank will be going to Russia because of rumors going around camp, but he discovers that it was actually a rumor. He will just be going through the forest, up the line once again. In the forest is w...

10 Social Networking Safety Tips for Women and Girls

10 Social Networking Safety Tips for Women and Girls As social networking and social media have grown, weve paid a price few saw coming: the loss of individual privacy. The impulse to share has caused many of us to inadvertently expose ourselves in ways that can compromise our safety and security. While social networking sites may feel like an invitation-only gathering of friends thats accessible 24/7, its not necessarily a closed and safe universe. Others may be able to access your personal information without your knowledge. Although cyberstalking preceded the advent of social networking, social media does make it easier for a stalker or cyberstalker to locate and track a potential victims every move. Innocuous personal tidbits collected over weeks, months and even years often add up to a whole picture of who you are, where you work, live and socialize, and what your habits are all valuable information to a stalker. Dont think this can happen to you? Then you should know that according to the Centers for Disease Control, 1 in 6 women will be stalked in her lifetime. The best way to protect yourself is to not make yourself vulnerable in the first place. Whenever you engage in social media, remember this: what happens on the internet stays on the internet, and its up to you to make sure what appears in connection with your name and image does not have the potential to harm you now or in the future. The following 10 tips offer guidelines in managing the information that gets out there about you via social networking and can help keep you safe: No Such Thing as Private The internet is like an elephant it never forgets. While spoken words leave little trace and are quickly forgotten, written words endure in the online environment. Whatever you post, tweet, update, share even if its deleted immediately afterwards has the potential to be captured by someone, somewhere, without your knowledge. This is especially true of social networking sites including private messages shared between two people and postings to a private group. There is no such thing as private in the world of social media because anything you put up can potentially be grabbed, copied, saved on someone elses computer and mirrored on other sites not to mention hacked by thieves or subpoenaed by law enforcement agencies. A Little Bird Told Me Every time you use Twitter, the government keeps a copy of your tweets. Sounds crazy, but its true. According to the Library of Congress blog: Every public tweet, ever, since Twitters inception in March 2006, will be ar chived digitally at the Library of Congress.... Twitter processes more than 50 million tweets every day, with the total numbering in the billions. And experts predict the information will be searched and used in ways we cant even imagine. (This gives new meaning to the phrase A little bird told me...) X Marks the Spot Be cautious about using geo-location services, apps, Foursquare, or any method which shares where youre at. When it was first introduced, Facebooks Places feature gave tech writer Sam Diaz pause: Guests at a party at my home could turn my home address into a public place on Facebook and my only recourse is to flag my address to have it removed... If we’re all at a concert...and a friend checks in with Places, he can tag the people who he’s with - just as if you were tagging a person in a photo. Unlike Diaz, Carrie Bugbee a social media strategist had fun using these services until a cyberstalking incident changed her mind. One evening, while dining at a restaurant she had checked in at using Foursquare, Bugbee was told by the hostess that there was a call for her on the restaurants phone line. When she picked up, an anonymous man warned her about using Foursquare because she could be found by certain people; and when she tried to laugh it off, he beg an verbally abusing her. Stories like this may be why far fewer women use geo-location services as compared to men; many are afraid of making themselves more vulnerable to cyberstalking. Separate Work and Family Keep your family safe, especially if you have a high profile position or work in a field that may expose you to high-risk individuals. Some women have more than one social networking account: one for their professional/public lives and one thats restricted to personal concerns and only involves family and close friends. If this applies to you, make it clear to family/friends to post only to your personal account, not your professional page; and dont let the names of spouses, children, relatives, parents, siblings appear there to protect their privacy. Dont let yourself be tagged in events, activities or photos that may reveal personal details about your life. If they show up, delete them first and explain later to the tagger; better safe than sorry. How Old Are You Now? If you must share your birthday, never put down the year in which you were born. Using the month and day are acceptable, but adding the year provides an opportunity for identity theft. Its Yo ur Fault If Its Default Keep track of your privacy settings and check them on a regular basis or at least monthly. Do not assume that the default setting will keep you safe. Many social networking sites frequently update and change settings, and often the defaults tend to make public more information than you may be willing to share. If an upcoming update is advertised in advance, be proactive and investigate it before it launches; it may offer a window during which you can privately edit or remove content before it goes live. If you wait until your account automatically switches over, your information may go public before you have a chance to deal with it. Review Before Posting Make sure your privacy settings enable you to review content in which youve been tagged by friends before they appear publicly on your page. This should include posts, notes, and photos. It may seem tedious, but its much easier to deal with a small amount each day than to have to go back through weeks, months and even years to ensure that any and all content related to you puts forth an image youre comfortable living with. Its A Family Affair Make it clear to family members that the best way of communicating with you is through private messaging or email not posting on your page. Often, relatives who are new to social media dont understand the difference between public and private conversations and how they take place online. Dont hesitate to delete something that is too personal for fear of hurting Grandmas feelings just make sure you message her privately to explain your actions, or better yet, call her on the phone. You Play, You Pay...in Loss of Privacy O nline games, quizzes, and other entertainment apps are fun, but they often pull information from your page and post it without your knowledge. Make sure that you know the guidelines of any app, game or service and do not allow it unfettered access to your information. Likewise, be cautious about responding to notes shared by friends along the lines of 10 Things You Didnt Know About Me. When you answer these and post them, youre revealing personal details about yourself that may enable others to figure out your address, your workplace, the name of your pet or your mothers maiden name (often used as an online security question), or even your password. Do enough of these over time and someone who is determined to learn all about you can read the answers, cross-reference information obtained through your friends pages, and glean a surprising amount from these seemingly casual revelations. How Do I Know You? Never accept a friend request from someone you dont know. This may seem like a no-brainer, but even when someone appears as a mutual friend of a friend or several friends, think twice about accepting unless you can concretely identify who they are and how theyre connected to you. In many professional circles involving large organizations, all an outsider has to do is obtain one friend on the inside and it snowballs from there, with others thinking that a total stranger with no personal connection is an unfamiliar co-worker or occasional business associate. Social media is fun thats why half the U.S. adult population participates in online social networking sites. But dont be lulled into a false sense of security when it comes to protecting your personal information. The goal of social networking sites is to generate revenue and even though the service is free, theres the hidden cost of your privacy. Its up to you to keep tabs on what shows up and to limit your exposure and protect yourself. Sources: Dias, Sam. Facebook launches Places, geo-location service thats both cool and creepy. ZDnet.com. 18 August 2010.GLOBAL DIGITAL COMMUNICATION: Texting, Social Networking Popular Worldwide. PewGlobal.org. 20 December 2011.Panzarino, Matthew. Heres what happens when the police subpoena your Facebook. TheNextWeb.com. 2 May 2011.Raymond, Matt. How Tweet It Is!: Library Acquires Entire Twitter Archive. Library of Congress blog. 14 April 2010.Seville, Lisa Riordan. Foursquares Stalker Problem.  The Daily Beast. 8 August 2010.

My life sounds like Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

My life sounds like - Essay Example The words in the song encourage me to do what I desire, and what contributes positively to the advancement of humanity. The words that insist that every second count because second chances do not exist inspire me. More to these, the song highlights about forgiving your enemies, which helps me keep from holding grudges in life, and aim at living at peace with all people. Being concerned about the well being of the less fortunate in society forms a significant part of my life. Consequently, Michael Jackson inspires me to participate, continually, in activities that promote the lives of the less fortunate. The song insists on caring for the entire human race, through such acts as giving. It also strengthens my unity values as it teaches me to look at the world as a place that should be filled with peace. Therefore, the song helps me to reach out to the needy around me, and help them live a better life. Switchfoot’s song â€Å"Dare you to move† keeps me going when I face hu rdles in my life. Whenever I experience failure, and thoughts of despair crowd my mind, the words â€Å"I dare you to lift yourself up off the floor† encourage me to keep on trying, no matter how difficult the situation may get. In my academics, for example, I am motivated to keep on working hard as the song teaches me that being strong makes a difference between where I am today, and where I could be tomorrow. The song increases my determination to face the tensions in all areas of life with an unfailing spirit.

Sheikh Zayed AlNahyan biography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sheikh Zayed AlNahyan biography - Essay Example However, presently, his rule has come under scrutiny. There is great debt being accrued and little solutions to resolve it as yet. This is how the Sheik’s decadence and spending, which contributed to so many improvements, also, had some negative side effects, as well, particularly debt. In order to understand the man better it is best to start at the beginning. Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum was born on July 15th 1949 in Dubai, into a family with a long line of rulers. Al Maktoum family has ruled Dubai since 1833. They are descended from the Al Bu Falasah, a part of the Bani Yas, which was a highly respected and dominant tribal â€Å"federation† made of those who would become the present UAE, founded in the 1970s. The Present Sheikh is not the first member of his family to take a great interest in attempting to stabilize, improve, and change the conditions of Dubai, as a whole, throughout history, many rulers before him have tried. Since the family took power in the 19th century they have all worked to improve Dubai situation and reputations, transforming it into a popular tourist locale and potential business location (Government of Dubai). The young Sheikh Zayed Al Nahyan was privately tutored as a child, but would later, in 1966, attend Bell School of Languages at Cambridge University. In 1979 he married the first of his w ives, and therefore senior wife, Sheikha Hind bint Maktoum bin Juma Al Maktoum, and his youngest and newest wife Princess Haya bint Al-Hussein is the daughter of the Hussein of Jordan. In his lifetime he has welcomed 16 children into the world (The Biography Channel 1). It was in 1995, at the age of 46, he was named Crowned Prince of Dubai and in his new position he eagerly began fulfilling his vision of Dubai becoming a lush and popular place, no longer just a tiny piece of desert. After he